Hierarchy of Courts and Judicial Review
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Which cases fall under the exclusive jurisdiction of Sharia District Courts?

  • Property disputes between Muslims and non-Muslims
  • Civil cases not involving Muslims
  • Criminal cases
  • Cases involving custody and guardianship under the Code (correct)

    • What qualifications must judges in Sharia District Courts and Special Courts possess?

  • Knowledge of both Islamic law and Philippine law (correct)
  • At least 10 years of legal practice experience
  • Must be residents of the same area as the court
  • Fluency in Tagalog and English

    • Which trial court has original jurisdiction over marriage and marital relations?

  • Municipal Trial Court (MTC)
  • Regional Trial Court (RTC) (correct)
  • Supreme Court (SC)
  • Court of Appeals (CA)

    • Until what age can the Chief Justice and Associate Justices serve in the Supreme Court as per the 1987 Constitution?

    <p>75 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which provision in the Constitution states that judicial power shall be vested in one Supreme Court and lower courts?

    <p>Section 2, Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which case does the MTC not have exclusive jurisdiction?

    <p>Litigation subject to incapable of pecuniary estimation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the assessed value limit for MTC's civil actions in Metro Manila?

    <p>P50,000.00 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of court was established under the Code of Muslim Personal Laws?

    <p>Shari’ah Courts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a case under the jurisdiction of Shari’ah Courts?

    <p>Probate of wills of non-Muslims (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was institutionalized by Republic Act No. 9285 for judicial efficiency?

    <p>Alternative Dispute Resolution System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Supreme Court's En Banc Resolution on October 16, 2001, relate to?

    <p>Designation of the Philippine Judicial Academy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In alternative dispute resolution, which term refers to methods outside traditional court proceedings?

    <p>Conciliation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which court has exclusive original jurisdiction for forcible entry cases?

    <p>Municipal Trial Courts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstance might the MTC have original jurisdiction?

    <p>Property assessed at exactly P20,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the assessed value threshold for MTC original jurisdiction in civil actions regarding real property in Metro Manila?

    <p>P50,000.00 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT under the exclusive original jurisdiction of the MTC?

    <p>Contract of marriage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Sharia district courts are present in the Philippines?

    <p>4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these courts has original jurisdiction in civil cases according to section 33 of Batas Pambansa Blg. 129?

    <p>MTCs, RTCs, and MeTCs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which provision was the Shari’a courts created?

    <p>Sec. 137 of Presidential Decree No. 1083 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the exclusive original jurisdiction threshold value for probate proceedings in MTCs?

    <p>P50,000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Sharia circuit courts are there in the Philippines?

    <p>41 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of jurisdiction does the Regional Trial Court (RTC) have over civil actions that cannot be valued monetarily?

    <p>Exclusive original jurisdiction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the Court of Tax Appeals (CTA) is true regarding its jurisdiction?

    <p>It has jurisdiction over appeals of RTC judgments in tax collection cases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the RTC's jurisdiction?

    <p>RTC has original jurisdiction only when the matter involves money. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following jurisdictions does the CTA NOT have?

    <p>Original jurisdiction over family law cases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the nature of RTC's jurisdiction in special proceedings?

    <p>RTC has jurisdiction only in specific types of special proceedings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option indicates the exclusive original jurisdiction of RTC?

    <p>All actions incapable of pecuniary estimation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the CTA in relation to tax collection cases?

    <p>It reviews RTC decisions in tax collection cases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately reflects the jurisdiction distribution between the RTC and the CTA?

    <p>CTA has appellate jurisdiction over RTC decisions on tax collection cases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appellate jurisdiction of the CTA in relation to tax collection cases?

    <p>The CTA has appellate jurisdiction over RTC decisions in tax collection cases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which court should a complaint for P1,500,000, including moral and exemplary damages, be filed?

    <p>Regional Trial Court (RTC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should Maritess file her annulment action regarding the land sale with an assessed value of P359,000?

    <p>Regional Trial Court (RTC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is exclusively under the original jurisdiction of the Regional Trial Court (RTC)?

    <p>Cases exceeding the threshold demand, exclusive of additional costs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these does the RTC NOT have jurisdiction over?

    <p>Disputes exclusively handled by Family Courts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of damages is P seeking along with the principal amount in the lawsuit?

    <p>Moral and exemplary damages along with attorney's fees (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the RTC courts play in the judicial process?

    <p>They exercise both original and appellate jurisdiction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome if an RTC decision on a tax collection case is made?

    <p>It is final and cannot be appealed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of cases does the Sandiganbayan primarily handle?

    <p>Criminal cases involving corruption and public officials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What law expanded the jurisdiction of the Court of Tax Appeals to be equivalent to the Court of Appeals?

    <p>Republic Act No. 9282 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situations does the Court of Tax Appeals have the authority to review decisions?

    <p>In cases involving disputed assessments, refunds, penalties, or matters under tax laws (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Central Board of Assessment Appeals in the Philippines?

    <p>Reviewing decisions on real property assessment and taxation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the jurisdiction of the Court of Tax Appeals (CTA) regarding criminal offenses from the NIRC?

    <p>The CTA has exclusive original jurisdiction over all criminal offenses related to tax and customs laws, regardless of the amount claimed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can the Court of Tax Appeals take cognizance of a tax collection case decided by RTC if it was appealed?

    <p>No, because the CTA has exclusive appellate jurisdiction over tax collection cases decided only by the Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs) and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts (MCTCs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the Court of Tax Appeals?

    <p>Reviewing administrative decisions made by the Bureau of Internal Revenue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cases is specifically excluded from the jurisdiction of the Court of Tax Appeals?

    <p>Civil cases unrelated to tax issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hierarchy of Courts

    • Judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court and lower courts, established by law.
    • Article VIII, Section 2 outlines the establishment of these courts by law.
    • The Supreme Court designated the Philippine Judicial Academy as the component unit for court-related mediation cases and alternative dispute resolution, and established the Philippine Mediation Center.
    • The Agama Arbitration Council is a Muslim arbitration council.
    • The correct Supreme Court composition, as outlined in the 1987 Constitution, is a Chief Justice and fourteen Associate Justices.

    Judicial Review

    • The Supreme Court has the power to review and revise final judgments and orders of lower courts, except cases where the legality of a tax, penalty, or lower court's jurisdiction is in question.
    • Cases in which the only error is a question of law may be reviewed and revised.
    • All criminal cases involving reclusion temporal as a penalty can be reviewed.
    • The Supreme Court does not review cases involving cases where the only error is a question of fact.

    Courts with Jurisdiction

    • The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over cases affecting ambassadors, public ministers, consuls, petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus.
    • The Court of Appeals handles jurisdictional matters of lower courts.
    • The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction over lower courts (except the Court of Tax Appeals).
    • The Court of Tax Appeals reviews tax cases.

    Administrative Oversight

    • The administrative supervision of all courts is now under the Supreme Court, transferred from the Department of Justice.
    • The Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980 is the legislation governing this transfer.

    Courts' Jurisdiction and Powers

    • Regional Trial Courts (RTCs), the court designated to handle cases regarding land, also called land courts, has original jurisdiction for cases regarding annulment of judgment.
    • Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs) are the first-level courts in cities and municipalities.
    • The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over cases where the subject matter is not estimable in pecuniary value.
    • Courts with exclusive jurisdiction are assigned to handle specific categories of cases, like the Court of Tax Appeals (CTA) reviewing tax cases.
    • The Court of Appeals has exclusive appellate jurisdiction over certain types of cases originating from RTC and quasi-judicial agencies, barring the Supreme Court.

    Dispute Resolution

    • The court of appeals handles writs like mandamus, prohibition, and certiorari, whether or not they are related to appellate jurisdiction.
    • The Supreme Court has similar jurisdiction.
    • This system of dispute resolution, particularly by means of hearings and decisions, is designed to streamline the process and reduce the congestion of court dockets.

    Court Composition and Structure

    • The Supreme Court is composed of a Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices (per the 1987 Constitution) .
    • Court of Appeals is composed of justices.
    • Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs) and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts (MCTCs) are the primary levels.
    • Courts have exclusive and concurrent jurisdictions over specific types of cases.

    Court Systems and Jurisdiction

    • Specific courts handle specific types of cases (e.g., tax cases, cases involving Muslims).
    • Courts have varying levels of jurisdiction, original and appellate, over various legal matters.

    Specific Court Jurisdictions

    • The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction over cases not within the jurisdiction of other courts.
    • The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over petitions related to final judgments, resolutions, or orders from lower courts, and cases involving tax issues.
    • Judicial Oversight and Administrative matters are under the Supreme Court's purview.
    • The Court of Tax Appeals is responsible for reviewing tax cases.
    • The Shari'a District Courts has special jurisdiction over Muslims.
    • Specific courts handle specific legal areas and apply relevant laws and procedures.

    Other Important Information

    • The Philippine judicial system has a hierarchy of courts with specific jurisdictions.
    • Legal issues and matters are handled by designated courts based on the relevant laws and jurisdiction.
    • Certain acts or actions of specific government branches may be governed by particular laws.
    • Supreme Court justices serve until the age of 70, per the constitution.
    • Administrative supervision of courts has been transferred.
    • There is a system of dispute resolution at the barangay level (e.g., Katarungang Pambarangay).

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    Related Documents

    Philippines Past Paper: Hierarchy of Courts (PDF)

    Description

    This quiz explores the structure and functions of the judiciary system, focusing on the Supreme Court and lower courts. It covers key articles of the constitution, the role of the Philippine Judicial Academy, and the power of judicial review. Test your knowledge of the hierarchy as well as the authority of the Supreme Court in legal matters.

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