Hidalgo and the Independence Movement

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Questions and Answers

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla's father served as a resident manager on the Hacienda de San Diego Corralejo.

True (A)

Where did Miguel Hidalgo and his brother Jose Joaquin initially enroll in school?

Hacienda de San Diego Corralejo

Royal and Pontifical University

Colegio of San Nicolas Obispo

Colegio of San Prandsco Javier (correct)

What event led to the disruption of Miguel Hidalgo and his brother's studies at the Jesuit Colegio?

The expulsion of the Jesuits from Spain and Spanish possessions in the New World by King Charles III

Miguel Hidalgo received his bachelor's degree in ____.

1774 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals with their descriptions:

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla = A priest who later became a key figure in the Mexican independence movement Jose Joaquin = Miguel Hidalgo's older brother King Charles III = The Spanish monarch who expelled the Jesuits from Spain and its colonies Signup and view all the answers

Who accepted the curacy of the parish of Dolores in 1803?

Father Hidalgo (B) Signup and view all the answers

Hidalgo was known for his strict spiritual guidance over his parishioners.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What kind of industries did Hidalgo introduce in Dolores?

Tile making, tanning, carpentry, wool weaving, beekeeping, silk growing, and wine making. Signup and view all the answers

Hidalgo, a priest, referred to the Spanish king as a __________.

tyrant Signup and view all the answers

Match the individuals with their roles in the independence movements:

Hidalgo = Priest and revolutionary leader Allende = Captain in the Queen's Cavalry Regiment Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez = La Corregidora Juan de Aldama = Military man Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Hidalgo's main focuses in Dolores?

Economic improvement (D) Signup and view all the answers

Many women played a role in planning activities and supporting the independence movement.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Who were the friends Hidalgo was introduced to by Allende?

Juan de Aldama, Miguel Dominguez, and Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez. Signup and view all the answers

In 1800, Hidalgo was hailed before the __________.

Inquisition Signup and view all the answers

What type of meetings did Hidalgo and his group organize?

Literary clubs (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Wars for Independence: Hidalgo and Early Success

Hidalgo was born in 1753 to a criollo family in Guanajuato.
He spent his early years on a hacienda and studied at Jesuit and diocesan colleges in Valladolid.
Hidalgo earned a bachelor's degree in 1774 and became a priest in 1778.
He taught at the Colegio of San Nicolás Obispo and eventually became the rector.
Hidalgo faced scrutiny from the Inquisition due to unorthodox views and suspected deviations from orthodoxy.
In 1803, Hidalgo became the curate of Dolores in Guanajuato.
He prioritized improving the economic lives of his parishioners, introducing new industries like tile making.
A group of revolutionaries, including Hidalgo, Allende, and Domínguez, formed a "literary club" to discuss reforms to local economies.
The group planned an uprising for December 8, 1810, aiming for Mexican independence.
Marino Galván, a postal clerk, leaked the planned revolt, alerting the Spanish authorities.

The Grito de Dolores

On September 16, 1810, Hidalgo rang the church bells, calling his parishioners to mass and announcing the revolt.
He addressed his parishioners and urged them to fight for independence, inspiring the Indians and mestizos.
This event is known as the Grito de Dolores (Cry of Dolores).
Hidalgo's force, consisting of poorly armed Indians and mestizos, captured San Miguel.
Many Spanish citizens were killed in Guanajuato.
The rebels moved toward Mexico City, facing strong opposition.
Hidalgo's army gained support from various groups, including indigenous people and mestizos.

Hidalgo's Capture and Death

Hidalgo's forces faced heavy losses in battles, including those at Las Cruces, and began to retreat, losing many troops.
Hidalgo and Allende were caught and executed in 1811.
Hidalgo's execution was intended as a warning to potential rebels.
His execution was carried out following a trial by the Inquisition.
His head was placed on display in Guanajuato.

Morelos and the Rebellion's Continuation

After Hidalgo's death, José María Morelos took leadership of the independence movement.
Morelos formulated a plan of action for the revolutionaries.
Morelos called for a congress to meet in Chilpancingo, to discuss plans for the nation.
The congress formalized independence and outlined a new constitution.
Morelos' forces faced numerous setbacks and were eventually defeated.
He was captured and executed in 1815.

The Aftermath and Guerrilla Warfare

The independence movement continued through guerrilla warfare, employing hit-and-run tactics.
Small bands of insurgents often dominated rural areas.
Spanish attempts at counterinsurgency proved difficult.
Several leaders, including Guadalupe Victoria and Vicente Guerrero, emerged.

The Plan de Iguala and Iturbide's Role

Agustín de Iturbide, a former royalist officer, formed the Plan de Iguala.
This plan sought an amicable resolution to the conflict.
The proposed plan included the abolition of caste systems, universal male suffrage, and religious freedom.
It also offered the Mexican throne to a suitable European prince, or, in its absence, a Mexican.
Iturbide became a leader, uniting conservative and liberal forces.
A treaty was signed, recognizing Mexican independence.

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Description

This quiz explores the key events and figures in the early stages of the Mexican War of Independence, focusing on Miguel Hidalgo. Test your knowledge on Hidalgo's life, his role in the revolution, and the social conditions that led to the uprising. Dive into the significant developments and ideologies that shaped this pivotal moment in history.