HHIS221: Human Histology Topic - Microscopy 2nd Semester Quiz

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Which type of microscope is used for observing transparent microorganisms without staining and killing them?

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

Fluorescence Microscopy

Phase-contrast Microscopy (correct)

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

What specialized feature of a microscope can enhance characteristics like birefringence exhibited by certain substances?

Specialized filters (correct)

Adjustable light intensity

High-powered objective lens

Optical zoom capability

Which cellular structure serves as the genetic material for directing protein synthesis?

Nucleolus

Nuclear envelope

Chromatin (correct)

Cytoplasm

What is the major function of the nuclear envelope?

Separates nucleus from cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Which microscope utilizes an electron beam instead of a beam of light to achieve extremely high resolution?

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Signup and view all the answers

What cellular component is responsible for many cellular processes?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ocular/eyepiece in a compound microscope?

To magnify the final image for viewing Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the compound microscope increases illumination in the sample?

Condenser Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the revolving nosepiece/turret on a compound microscope?

Holds the objective lenses Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the compound microscope is used for initial focusing?

Coarse adjustment knob Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mechanical part called 'arm' in a compound microscope?

Holds the eyepiece Signup and view all the answers

What is the total magnification when using a compound microscope with a scanning objective (4x) and an ocular lens (10x)?

$40x$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of microvilli in a cell?

Increase membrane surface area for greater absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is devoted primarily to DNA replication?

S Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

Regulate material movement into and out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure organizes microtubules that serve as the cell’s skeletal system?

Replicate before cell division Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cilia in a cell?

Moves substances over the cell surface Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle accumulates enzymes and nucleotides?

G1 phase Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of secretory proteins, cell membrane proteins, and organelle proteins?

Ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Synthesis of secretory proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes to digest proteins, polysaccharides, fats, and nucleic acids?

Lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of peroxisomes in a cell?

Detoxify harmful substances Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle serves as the main energy transformer of cells and synthesizes ATP during cellular respiration?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the centrosome in a cell?

Organize microtubules Signup and view all the answers

Which structure consists of an organized network of protein filaments and hollow tubules in a cell?

Cytoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is composed of both protein and ribosomal RNA organized into large and small subunits?

Ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the major role of free ribosomes within a cell?

Produce proteins used within the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for carbohydrate synthesis and acts as a sorting and dispatching station for products of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the nucleolus during prophase?

Disappears Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of centrosomes in prophase?

Separate and migrate to opposite poles Signup and view all the answers

What causes the nuclear lamina and nuclear pore complexes to disassemble in late prophase?

Phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

How are sister chromatids separated during mitosis?

Combination of microtubule motor proteins and dynamic changes Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the chromosomes in telophase?

Revert to their uncondensed state Signup and view all the answers

What structure develops in the cortical cytoplasm during telophase?

Belt-like contractile ring of actin filaments Signup and view all the answers