HHIS221: Human Histology Topic - Microscopy 2nd Semester Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of microscope is used for observing transparent microorganisms without staining and killing them?

  • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
  • Fluorescence Microscopy
  • Phase-contrast Microscopy (correct)
  • Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
  • What specialized feature of a microscope can enhance characteristics like birefringence exhibited by certain substances?

  • Specialized filters (correct)
  • Adjustable light intensity
  • High-powered objective lens
  • Optical zoom capability
  • Which cellular structure serves as the genetic material for directing protein synthesis?

  • Nucleolus
  • Nuclear envelope
  • Chromatin (correct)
  • Cytoplasm
  • What is the major function of the nuclear envelope?

    <p>Separates nucleus from cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscope utilizes an electron beam instead of a beam of light to achieve extremely high resolution?

    <p>Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular component is responsible for many cellular processes?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ocular/eyepiece in a compound microscope?

    <p>To magnify the final image for viewing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the compound microscope increases illumination in the sample?

    <p>Condenser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the revolving nosepiece/turret on a compound microscope?

    <p>Holds the objective lenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the compound microscope is used for initial focusing?

    <p>Coarse adjustment knob</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the mechanical part called 'arm' in a compound microscope?

    <p>Holds the eyepiece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total magnification when using a compound microscope with a scanning objective (4x) and an ocular lens (10x)?

    <p>$40x$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major function of microvilli in a cell?

    <p>Increase membrane surface area for greater absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is devoted primarily to DNA replication?

    <p>S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

    <p>Regulate material movement into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure organizes microtubules that serve as the cell’s skeletal system?

    <p>Replicate before cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cilia in a cell?

    <p>Moves substances over the cell surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle accumulates enzymes and nucleotides?

    <p>G1 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of secretory proteins, cell membrane proteins, and organelle proteins?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Synthesis of secretory proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes to digest proteins, polysaccharides, fats, and nucleic acids?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of peroxisomes in a cell?

    <p>Detoxify harmful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle serves as the main energy transformer of cells and synthesizes ATP during cellular respiration?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the centrosome in a cell?

    <p>Organize microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure consists of an organized network of protein filaments and hollow tubules in a cell?

    <p>Cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is composed of both protein and ribosomal RNA organized into large and small subunits?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major role of free ribosomes within a cell?

    <p>Produce proteins used within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for carbohydrate synthesis and acts as a sorting and dispatching station for products of the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the nucleolus during prophase?

    <p>Disappears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of centrosomes in prophase?

    <p>Separate and migrate to opposite poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the nuclear lamina and nuclear pore complexes to disassemble in late prophase?

    <p>Phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are sister chromatids separated during mitosis?

    <p>Combination of microtubule motor proteins and dynamic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the chromosomes in telophase?

    <p>Revert to their uncondensed state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure develops in the cortical cytoplasm during telophase?

    <p>Belt-like contractile ring of actin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

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