Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive tract? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive tract? (Select all that apply)
- To use enzymes to break down food
- To remove waste from the body
- To perform gas exchange (correct)
- To use peristalsis to move food along
The best definition of homeostasis is:
The best definition of homeostasis is:
- A process that maintains the immune system's defenses
- A process that maintains the stability of the human body's internal environment in response to changes in internal and external conditions (correct)
- A process in which the body resists change to genetic structure
- A function via which the body breaks down glucose to use as energy
The endocrine system of the body is responsible for:
The endocrine system of the body is responsible for:
- Communication through the use of hormones (correct)
- Defense through the use of antibodies
- Blood flow through the use of the heart muscle
- Metabolism through the use of enzymes
Anatomical position shows the body in a(n) ________ position.
Anatomical position shows the body in a(n) ________ position.
Vitamin K is created in the:
Vitamin K is created in the:
The largest organ in the body is the ________.
The largest organ in the body is the ________.
A medical scientist wants to study the parenchyma of the kidney. This scientist would correctly be known, most specifically, as a:
A medical scientist wants to study the parenchyma of the kidney. This scientist would correctly be known, most specifically, as a:
What is Erythropoiesis?
What is Erythropoiesis?
In which part of the body is keratin NOT found?
In which part of the body is keratin NOT found?
What is the relationship between sarcomeres and muscle cells?
What is the relationship between sarcomeres and muscle cells?
A person who has torn their vastus lateralis muscle will need which of the following?
A person who has torn their vastus lateralis muscle will need which of the following?
Muscles produce contraction due to the sliding of:
Muscles produce contraction due to the sliding of:
The medulla oblongata has what primary responsibility?
The medulla oblongata has what primary responsibility?
Which of the following is true about simple reflexes?
Which of the following is true about simple reflexes?
What is the primary role of estrogen in the female reproductive system?
What is the primary role of estrogen in the female reproductive system?
What is the name of the structure that transfers urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
What is the name of the structure that transfers urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
Humans can survive most easily without which of the following?
Humans can survive most easily without which of the following?
Which of the following is NOT a role of cortisol?
Which of the following is NOT a role of cortisol?
How many pairs of spinal nerves are known to exit the spinal cord?
How many pairs of spinal nerves are known to exit the spinal cord?
The base of the skull is also known as:
The base of the skull is also known as:
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a substance that performs which of the following?
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a substance that performs which of the following?
The neuron is composed of a/n ________, which transmits signals toward the cell body, and a/n ________, which transmits signals away from the cell body.
The neuron is composed of a/n ________, which transmits signals toward the cell body, and a/n ________, which transmits signals away from the cell body.
The pectoralis major muscle is located in which general area?
The pectoralis major muscle is located in which general area?
The soleus muscle is located in which general area?
The soleus muscle is located in which general area?
Which of the following is responsible for differentiation, or specialization, of cells?
Which of the following is responsible for differentiation, or specialization, of cells?
What makes up the alimentary canal?
What makes up the alimentary canal?
A woman's body usually ovulates around what day in a normal 30-day cycle?
A woman's body usually ovulates around what day in a normal 30-day cycle?
Sperm, once created, are stored in an area of the male body called the ________.
Sperm, once created, are stored in an area of the male body called the ________.
Which of these is the best analogy describing the function of the kidneys?
Which of these is the best analogy describing the function of the kidneys?
What is the most widely distributed type of sweat gland?
What is the most widely distributed type of sweat gland?
Moving the arm toward the body would be described as a ________ movement, rather than a _________ movement.
Moving the arm toward the body would be described as a ________ movement, rather than a _________ movement.
The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the end of your femur. What is she describing?
The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the end of your femur. What is she describing?
Which of the following is true of the axial skeleton?
Which of the following is true of the axial skeleton?
A patient of yours is diagnosed with emphysema. It would be true to say that this patient has difficulty with what type of respiration?
A patient of yours is diagnosed with emphysema. It would be true to say that this patient has difficulty with what type of respiration?
Deflections of the EKG represent which of the following?
Deflections of the EKG represent which of the following?
Follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone are what type of hormones?
Follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone are what type of hormones?
What is the purpose of the mastication of food?
What is the purpose of the mastication of food?
What stimulates the interstitial cells of the testicles to produce testosterone?
What stimulates the interstitial cells of the testicles to produce testosterone?
Inhalation requires the contraction of what surface?
Inhalation requires the contraction of what surface?
Which type of muscle is found in the walls of organs such as the stomach and intestines?
Which type of muscle is found in the walls of organs such as the stomach and intestines?
A bone that is part of the upper limbs is:
A bone that is part of the upper limbs is:
The normal amount of urine produced in a 24-hour period is approximately:
The normal amount of urine produced in a 24-hour period is approximately:
What element of the blood is a factor in phagocytosis?
What element of the blood is a factor in phagocytosis?
What structure is responsible for making enzymes that detoxify substances we ingest?
What structure is responsible for making enzymes that detoxify substances we ingest?
Which hormone helps stimulate the thickening of the endometrium during menstruation?
Which hormone helps stimulate the thickening of the endometrium during menstruation?
Which of the following is not a part of the axial skeleton?
Which of the following is not a part of the axial skeleton?
Major event of muscle contraction?
Major event of muscle contraction?
A ventral wound would be found:
A ventral wound would be found:
Which of the following would be considered nonrespiratory air movements?
Which of the following would be considered nonrespiratory air movements?
The pancreas secretes hormones that:
The pancreas secretes hormones that:
Thin fingerlike projections that line part of the duodenum and all of the jejunum and ileum are called:
Thin fingerlike projections that line part of the duodenum and all of the jejunum and ileum are called:
How many bones are in the cervical vertebrae?
How many bones are in the cervical vertebrae?
How many bones are in the thoracic vertebrae?
How many bones are in the thoracic vertebrae?
How many bones are in the lumbar vertebrae?
How many bones are in the lumbar vertebrae?
The latissimus dorsi are found in the:
The latissimus dorsi are found in the:
Striated muscles attach to:
Striated muscles attach to:
When air enters the bronchi, it travels to the:
When air enters the bronchi, it travels to the:
Bones are classified according to:
Bones are classified according to:
Study Notes
Digestive and Body Functions
- Functions of the digestive tract include breaking down food with enzymes, waste removal, and moving food via peristalsis; it does NOT perform gas exchange, which is the role of the respiratory system.
- Homeostasis is the process maintaining the stability of the body's internal environment amid internal and external changes.
Endocrine and Muscle Systems
- The endocrine system facilitates communication throughout the body using hormones.
- Anatomical position refers to the body facing forward in an anterior position.
- The largest organ in the human body is the skin.
Cellular and Tissue Functions
- Histologists study tissues, including the parenchyma of organs like the kidney.
- Erythropoiesis refers to the formation of red blood cells, while Hemopoiesis encompasses all blood cell formation.
- Keratin is a fibrous protein found in hair, skin, and nails, but not teeth.
Muscle Structure and Function
- Muscle cells contain myofibrils made up of sarcomeres, which are essential for contraction driven by filament sliding.
- The vastus lateralis is a leg muscle; injury may require mobility aids like a cane or crutches.
Nervous System and Reflexes
- The medulla oblongata controls vital functions, including heart rate and respiration.
- Simple reflexes are specific to the spinal cord and do not involve the brain.
Female Reproductive System
- Estrogen prepares the endometrium for potential pregnancy during the menstrual cycle.
Urinary and Excretory Systems
- Urine travels from the kidneys to the bladder via ureters.
- The gallbladder, which stores bile, is not essential for survival as the GI tract can produce bile without it.
Hormonal Functions in the Body
- Cortisol's roles include reducing inflammation and raising blood sugar, but it does not control motor impulses.
- Tropic hormones, like FSH, TSH, and LH, influence other endocrine glands.
Nutritional and Digestive Processes
- Mastication increases food surface area, aiding in digestion.
- Sperm are stored in the epididymis after production.
Respiratory Mechanics
- Inhalation involves diaphragm contraction, while external respiration refers to gas exchange in the alveoli.
Cardiac and Vascular Functions
- EKG deflections indicate the electrical activity before the heart contrasts and relaxes.
- White blood cells play a role in phagocytosis, essential for the immune response.
Skeletal and Muscular System Overview
- The axial skeleton includes 28 bones in the skull, and the vertebrae consist of cervical (7), thoracic (12), and lumbar (5) bones.
- Bones are categorized based on shape, including long, short, flat, or irregular types.
General Anatomy and Physiology
- The latissimus dorsi muscle is located in the shoulders.
- Villi are tiny projections in the duodenum and intestines that aid in nutrient absorption.
Miscellaneous Facts
- Normal urine production ranges from 1,500-2,000 ml daily.
- Non-respiratory air movements include yawning.
Additional Terminology
- Proximal refers to moving toward the body, whereas distal indicates moving away.
- An epiphysis is the end part of a long bone, specifically referring to the femur in the context of injury.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these HESI A2 practice flashcards covering key concepts in anatomy and physiology. Each question challenges your understanding of digestive functions and homeostasis. Ideal for students preparing for the HESI A2 exam.
