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Questions and Answers
What is the correct dosing schedule for applying Penciclovir Topical (Denavir) for herpes treatment?
What is the primary manifestation of Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) infection in childhood?
Which statement correctly describes Herpes Keratitis?
What is the infectious period for Chicken Pox?
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Which medication is NOT mentioned as a treatment for Herpes Keratitis?
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What is the recommended daily suppressive therapy dosage of Acyclovir for HIV+ patients?
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Which treatment is indicated when acyclovir resistance is suspected?
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What is the first line empirical treatment for Herpes Encephalitis?
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For neonatal herpes, what is the treatment duration for disseminated or CNS infection?
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In relation to HSV, which statement about resistance is accurate?
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What is the primary species responsible for the 2018 West Africa Ebola outbreak?
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What key physiological condition is associated with the clinical management of Ebola virus infection?
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Which of the following is NOT recommended for symptomatic management in Ebola virus infection?
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What is the mode of transmission of the Ebola virus after a spillover event from wildlife to humans?
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What type of virus is the Ebola virus categorized as?
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What is a common complication of chickenpox?
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At what age is the Varivax vaccine indicated for vaccination?
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What is a significant symptom that precedes herpes zoster lesions?
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Which medication is proven effective in treating localized varicella zoster virus (VZV)?
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What is the recommended treatment for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN)?
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Which of the following vaccines is recommended as the preferred shingles vaccine?
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What is used to decrease severity of disease in high-risk individuals exposed to varicella zoster virus?
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What is a characteristic of lesions in herpes zoster infections?
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Which investigational treatment for Ebola virus includes monoclonal antibodies?
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What is the primary mechanism of action for Favipiravir?
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Which of the following treatments showed higher overall survival during the 2018 DRC outbreak?
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What type of vaccine candidate is derived from an attenuated virus for Ebola prevention?
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Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding antiviral drugs for Ebola virus disease (EVD)?
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Which of the following treatments utilizes lipid nanoparticles for delivery?
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What experimental strategy involves using the blood of recovered Ebola patients?
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Which investigational medication is NOT specifically mentioned as part of the Ebola therapeutic exploration?
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Study Notes
Herpes Treatment in HIV+ Patients
- Acyclovir options for acute infection: 400 mg po tid or 200 mg po 5 times/day for 5-10 days; alternatives include Famciclovir 500 mg po bid or Valacyclovir 1 g po bid for similar duration.
- Daily suppressive therapy for HIV+ patients: Acyclovir 400-800 mg po bid-tid; Famciclovir 500 mg po bid; Valacyclovir 500 mg po bid.
- Suspected resistance treatment includes Foscarnet 40 mg/kg IV q8h until resolution or topical Cidofovir 1% gel applied daily for 5 days; resistance to acyclovir affects valacyclovir and famciclovir.
Herpes Encephalitis
- Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can cause CNS infections; HSV-1 affects adults while HSV-2 is more common in newborns.
- PCR testing is preferred over cultures for diagnosis; early detection is crucial with mortality rates at 50-85%.
- Empirical treatment with Acyclovir 5-10 mg/kg IV every 8 hours for 2-3 weeks; Foscarnet used in cases of resistance.
Neonatal Herpes
- High mortality and morbidity risk for neonates exposed during pregnancy.
- Treatment involves Acyclovir 20-60 mg/kg IV every 8 hours for 21 days for disseminated/CNS infection or 14 days for skin/mucosal infection.
Oral-Facial Herpes
- Herpes labialis treatment varies with immune status; options include topical and oral treatments.
- Topical treatment options: Docosanol (Abreva) applied 5 times daily until healed; Acyclovir Topical (Zovirax) applied 5 times daily for 4 days; Acyclovir Buccal Tablet (Sitavig) as a single 50 mg dose; Penciclovir Topical (Denavir) every 2 hours for 4 days.
Herpes Keratitis
- Eye infection across all age groups; primary cause of corneal blindness in the U.S. and a leading reason for corneal transplants.
- Treatment includes Trifluridine, Idoxuridine, and Vidarabine.
Varicella-Zoster Infections
- Primary manifestation of VZV is Varicella (chickenpox), while secondary manifestation is Herpes Zoster (shingles); risk increases with age.
- Chickenpox characterized by a highly contagious nature, common childhood infection, and fever before rash onset, typically 10-14 days post-exposure.
Chicken Pox Management
- Supportive care includes cool baths and antipruritic treatments; avoid aspirin.
- Varivax vaccine indicated for individuals 12 months and older; 0.5 mL dose subcutaneously, with a second dose at least 3 months later.
Herpes Zoster Infections
- Result from reactivation of latent VZV; common in patients over 40 years old.
- Initial symptoms include mild itch or pain; lesions appear as macules, papules, and grouped vesicles, resolving in 2-4 weeks.
- Treatments include Acyclovir 800 mg po five times a day, Famciclovir 500 mg po TID, and Valacyclovir 1 g po TID for shingles.
Post-Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN)
- Lasts more than 30 days after rash onset; most common manifestation of herpes zoster.
- FDA-approved treatments include topical capsaicin, lidocaine patches, gabapentin, and pregabalin.
Ebola Virus
- Ebola is a zoonotic, enveloped filovirus causing severe hemorrhagic fever with high case fatality rates.
- Major reservoir is likely bats; transmission involves spillover from wild animals to humans and human-to-human spread.
Clinical Management of Ebola
- Focused on addressing hypovolemia, sepsis physiology, and managing electrolyte abnormalities.
- Supportive care essential; avoid NSAIDs, and manage multisystem organ failure with oxygenation, mechanical ventilation, and renal replacement therapy if required.
Investigational Therapies for Ebola
- No FDA-approved specific antiviral treatment; investigational therapies include convalescent serum and antiviral medications like ZMapp and Tekmira.
- Ebola vaccines under development, targeting specific viral genes; some show promise in clinical trials.
Prevention of Ebola
- Ongoing research into Ebola vaccines, indications for development based on outbreak responses, focusing on at-risk populations.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the dosing schedule for Penciclovir Topical and explore various aspects of herpes treatments and Varicella-Zoster virus infections. This quiz covers critical topics including Herpes Keratitis and specific treatments for HIV+ patients. Perfect for students or healthcare professionals wanting to reinforce their understanding.
