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Questions and Answers
What is the correct dosing schedule for applying Penciclovir Topical (Denavir) for herpes treatment?
What is the correct dosing schedule for applying Penciclovir Topical (Denavir) for herpes treatment?
What is the primary manifestation of Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) infection in childhood?
What is the primary manifestation of Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) infection in childhood?
Which statement correctly describes Herpes Keratitis?
Which statement correctly describes Herpes Keratitis?
What is the infectious period for Chicken Pox?
What is the infectious period for Chicken Pox?
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Which medication is NOT mentioned as a treatment for Herpes Keratitis?
Which medication is NOT mentioned as a treatment for Herpes Keratitis?
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What is the recommended daily suppressive therapy dosage of Acyclovir for HIV+ patients?
What is the recommended daily suppressive therapy dosage of Acyclovir for HIV+ patients?
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Which treatment is indicated when acyclovir resistance is suspected?
Which treatment is indicated when acyclovir resistance is suspected?
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What is the first line empirical treatment for Herpes Encephalitis?
What is the first line empirical treatment for Herpes Encephalitis?
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For neonatal herpes, what is the treatment duration for disseminated or CNS infection?
For neonatal herpes, what is the treatment duration for disseminated or CNS infection?
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In relation to HSV, which statement about resistance is accurate?
In relation to HSV, which statement about resistance is accurate?
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What is the primary species responsible for the 2018 West Africa Ebola outbreak?
What is the primary species responsible for the 2018 West Africa Ebola outbreak?
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What key physiological condition is associated with the clinical management of Ebola virus infection?
What key physiological condition is associated with the clinical management of Ebola virus infection?
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Which of the following is NOT recommended for symptomatic management in Ebola virus infection?
Which of the following is NOT recommended for symptomatic management in Ebola virus infection?
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What is the mode of transmission of the Ebola virus after a spillover event from wildlife to humans?
What is the mode of transmission of the Ebola virus after a spillover event from wildlife to humans?
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What type of virus is the Ebola virus categorized as?
What type of virus is the Ebola virus categorized as?
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What is a common complication of chickenpox?
What is a common complication of chickenpox?
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At what age is the Varivax vaccine indicated for vaccination?
At what age is the Varivax vaccine indicated for vaccination?
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What is a significant symptom that precedes herpes zoster lesions?
What is a significant symptom that precedes herpes zoster lesions?
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Which medication is proven effective in treating localized varicella zoster virus (VZV)?
Which medication is proven effective in treating localized varicella zoster virus (VZV)?
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What is the recommended treatment for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN)?
What is the recommended treatment for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN)?
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Which of the following vaccines is recommended as the preferred shingles vaccine?
Which of the following vaccines is recommended as the preferred shingles vaccine?
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What is used to decrease severity of disease in high-risk individuals exposed to varicella zoster virus?
What is used to decrease severity of disease in high-risk individuals exposed to varicella zoster virus?
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What is a characteristic of lesions in herpes zoster infections?
What is a characteristic of lesions in herpes zoster infections?
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Which investigational treatment for Ebola virus includes monoclonal antibodies?
Which investigational treatment for Ebola virus includes monoclonal antibodies?
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What is the primary mechanism of action for Favipiravir?
What is the primary mechanism of action for Favipiravir?
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Which of the following treatments showed higher overall survival during the 2018 DRC outbreak?
Which of the following treatments showed higher overall survival during the 2018 DRC outbreak?
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What type of vaccine candidate is derived from an attenuated virus for Ebola prevention?
What type of vaccine candidate is derived from an attenuated virus for Ebola prevention?
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Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding antiviral drugs for Ebola virus disease (EVD)?
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding antiviral drugs for Ebola virus disease (EVD)?
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Which of the following treatments utilizes lipid nanoparticles for delivery?
Which of the following treatments utilizes lipid nanoparticles for delivery?
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What experimental strategy involves using the blood of recovered Ebola patients?
What experimental strategy involves using the blood of recovered Ebola patients?
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Which investigational medication is NOT specifically mentioned as part of the Ebola therapeutic exploration?
Which investigational medication is NOT specifically mentioned as part of the Ebola therapeutic exploration?
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Study Notes
Herpes Treatment in HIV+ Patients
- Acyclovir options for acute infection: 400 mg po tid or 200 mg po 5 times/day for 5-10 days; alternatives include Famciclovir 500 mg po bid or Valacyclovir 1 g po bid for similar duration.
- Daily suppressive therapy for HIV+ patients: Acyclovir 400-800 mg po bid-tid; Famciclovir 500 mg po bid; Valacyclovir 500 mg po bid.
- Suspected resistance treatment includes Foscarnet 40 mg/kg IV q8h until resolution or topical Cidofovir 1% gel applied daily for 5 days; resistance to acyclovir affects valacyclovir and famciclovir.
Herpes Encephalitis
- Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can cause CNS infections; HSV-1 affects adults while HSV-2 is more common in newborns.
- PCR testing is preferred over cultures for diagnosis; early detection is crucial with mortality rates at 50-85%.
- Empirical treatment with Acyclovir 5-10 mg/kg IV every 8 hours for 2-3 weeks; Foscarnet used in cases of resistance.
Neonatal Herpes
- High mortality and morbidity risk for neonates exposed during pregnancy.
- Treatment involves Acyclovir 20-60 mg/kg IV every 8 hours for 21 days for disseminated/CNS infection or 14 days for skin/mucosal infection.
Oral-Facial Herpes
- Herpes labialis treatment varies with immune status; options include topical and oral treatments.
- Topical treatment options: Docosanol (Abreva) applied 5 times daily until healed; Acyclovir Topical (Zovirax) applied 5 times daily for 4 days; Acyclovir Buccal Tablet (Sitavig) as a single 50 mg dose; Penciclovir Topical (Denavir) every 2 hours for 4 days.
Herpes Keratitis
- Eye infection across all age groups; primary cause of corneal blindness in the U.S. and a leading reason for corneal transplants.
- Treatment includes Trifluridine, Idoxuridine, and Vidarabine.
Varicella-Zoster Infections
- Primary manifestation of VZV is Varicella (chickenpox), while secondary manifestation is Herpes Zoster (shingles); risk increases with age.
- Chickenpox characterized by a highly contagious nature, common childhood infection, and fever before rash onset, typically 10-14 days post-exposure.
Chicken Pox Management
- Supportive care includes cool baths and antipruritic treatments; avoid aspirin.
- Varivax vaccine indicated for individuals 12 months and older; 0.5 mL dose subcutaneously, with a second dose at least 3 months later.
Herpes Zoster Infections
- Result from reactivation of latent VZV; common in patients over 40 years old.
- Initial symptoms include mild itch or pain; lesions appear as macules, papules, and grouped vesicles, resolving in 2-4 weeks.
- Treatments include Acyclovir 800 mg po five times a day, Famciclovir 500 mg po TID, and Valacyclovir 1 g po TID for shingles.
Post-Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN)
- Lasts more than 30 days after rash onset; most common manifestation of herpes zoster.
- FDA-approved treatments include topical capsaicin, lidocaine patches, gabapentin, and pregabalin.
Ebola Virus
- Ebola is a zoonotic, enveloped filovirus causing severe hemorrhagic fever with high case fatality rates.
- Major reservoir is likely bats; transmission involves spillover from wild animals to humans and human-to-human spread.
Clinical Management of Ebola
- Focused on addressing hypovolemia, sepsis physiology, and managing electrolyte abnormalities.
- Supportive care essential; avoid NSAIDs, and manage multisystem organ failure with oxygenation, mechanical ventilation, and renal replacement therapy if required.
Investigational Therapies for Ebola
- No FDA-approved specific antiviral treatment; investigational therapies include convalescent serum and antiviral medications like ZMapp and Tekmira.
- Ebola vaccines under development, targeting specific viral genes; some show promise in clinical trials.
Prevention of Ebola
- Ongoing research into Ebola vaccines, indications for development based on outbreak responses, focusing on at-risk populations.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the dosing schedule for Penciclovir Topical and explore various aspects of herpes treatments and Varicella-Zoster virus infections. This quiz covers critical topics including Herpes Keratitis and specific treatments for HIV+ patients. Perfect for students or healthcare professionals wanting to reinforce their understanding.
