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Questions and Answers
What was one of the primary purposes of establishing missions during the Spanish colonization?
What was one of the primary purposes of establishing missions during the Spanish colonization?
How did the Spanish colonization influence the urban design of new settlements?
How did the Spanish colonization influence the urban design of new settlements?
What subjects were the children of the Indigenous elite taught by the friars?
What subjects were the children of the Indigenous elite taught by the friars?
What role did mestizaje play in the Spanish colonization?
What role did mestizaje play in the Spanish colonization?
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What was one significant impact of the arrival of Africans during the Spanish colonization?
What was one significant impact of the arrival of Africans during the Spanish colonization?
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Who was the Mexica ruler that corresponded with Hernán Cortés?
Who was the Mexica ruler that corresponded with Hernán Cortés?
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What was the significant outcome of Cortés capturing Moctezuma?
What was the significant outcome of Cortés capturing Moctezuma?
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What incident was referred to as 'La Noche Triste'?
What incident was referred to as 'La Noche Triste'?
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Which leader took charge after Moctezuma's death?
Which leader took charge after Moctezuma's death?
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What strategy did Cortés use to conquer Tenochtitlán in May 1521?
What strategy did Cortés use to conquer Tenochtitlán in May 1521?
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What was established by Cortés in America shortly after his arrival?
What was established by Cortés in America shortly after his arrival?
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What was the primary focus of Spanish expeditions after the conquest of Mesoamerica?
What was the primary focus of Spanish expeditions after the conquest of Mesoamerica?
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What sparked the rebellion in Tenochtitlán while Cortés was away?
What sparked the rebellion in Tenochtitlán while Cortés was away?
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Flashcards
Missions
Missions
Establishments for evangelizing Indigenous peoples and cultivating land.
Spanish Urban Design
Spanish Urban Design
Colonial cities created around central squares with churches and straight streets.
Evangelization
Evangelization
The process of converting Indigenous peoples to the Catholic faith.
Mestizaje
Mestizaje
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Education of Indigenous Elite
Education of Indigenous Elite
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Hernán Cortés
Hernán Cortés
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Moctezuma
Moctezuma
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Villa Rica de la Veracruz
Villa Rica de la Veracruz
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Capture of Moctezuma
Capture of Moctezuma
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The Night of Sorrows
The Night of Sorrows
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Cuitláhuac
Cuitláhuac
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Fall of Tenochtitlán
Fall of Tenochtitlán
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Colonization of Mesoamerica
Colonization of Mesoamerica
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Study Notes
The Arrival of Hernán Cortés
- In 1519, Hernán Cortés led an expedition from Spain to the coast of Mesoamerica.
- Cortés founded the first city council of America, called Villa Rica de la Veracruz, directly dependent on the Spanish Kings.
- Moctezuma, the Mexica ruler, sent messengers to meet with the Spaniards, offering gifts in exchange for their departure.
- Despite the offer, Cortés continued onwards, reaching Tenochtitlán in November 1519.
Cortés and the Capture of Moctezuma
- Cortés captured Moctezuma, Cuitláhuac, and other important leaders, demanding submission and a large tribute in exchange for their release.
The Arrival of Pánfilo de Narváez
- While Cortés was in Tenochtitlán, Spanish troops commanded by Pánfilo de Narváez arrived in Villa Rica de la Veracruz, seeking to stop Cortés' unauthorized conquest.
The Rebellion in Tenochtitlán
- Cortés left Pedro de Alvarado in charge in Tenochtitlán and went to confront Narváez.
- Alvarado's attack on the Mexica people sparked a rebellion.
- Cortés, upon returning, asked Moctezuma to quell the uprising.
- Moctezuma died during this period, with Cuitláhuac assuming leadership.
The "Night of Sorrows"
- Cortés attempted to flee Tenochtitlán on June 30, 1520, but was discovered and attacked by the Mexicas.
- Spaniards suffered immense losses, including most of their wealth, experiencing their worst defeat yet during the conquest.
- This event is known as "La Noche Triste" (The Sad Night).
The Return of Cortés and the Fall of Tenochtitlán
- Cortés returned to Tenochtitlán with reinforcements and allied with other Indigenous peoples.
- In May 1521, without notice, Spanish troops blockaded Tenochtitlán, cutting off its food and water supply.
- After three months of resistance, the Spanish captured Cuauhtémoc, replacing Cuitláhuac, conquering Tenochtitlán.
The Colonization of Mesoamerica
- Post-conquest, various expeditions were launched by the Spanish to areas north and south of Mesoamerica.
- Between 1534 and 1548, significant silver deposits were discovered in present-day Guerrero, Zacatecas, and Guanajuato.
- To protect the mines, Spanish built presidios (forts) near them, defending against nomadic groups.
- Missions were established for Indigenous conversion and cultivating land to support the presidios.
The Spanish Colonization and the Emergence of New Cities
- Spanish colonization involved consolidating villages around new settlements. This formed cities featuring central plazas, churches, and straight streets.
- These urban designs persist in many Mexican historic centers.
- Indigenous populations were relocated, leading to mixing of traditions, customs, and languages, influencing new names, values, and ideas.
Spanish Evangelization and Education
- The Spanish Crown dispatched friars to convert Indigenous populations to Catholicism.
- Friars also educated Indigenous elite children in religion, writing, arithmetic, and music.
- Girls were trained in household duties, vital for Christian wives and mothers.
Mestizaje and the Formation of a New Society
- Intermarriage (mestizaje) created a society uniting Indigenous, Spanish, Asian, and African peoples.
- Africans were brought to the Americas as enslaved laborers by Europeans.
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Description
This quiz explores the significant events surrounding Hernán Cortés' arrival in Mesoamerica in 1519. Test your knowledge on his interactions with Moctezuma, the founding of Villa Rica de la Veracruz, and the ensuing conflicts. Learn about the impact of these events on the history of the Americas.
