30 Questions
What is the expected outcome of blending inheritance in terms of trait uniformity?
Uniformity in traits
What is the term used by Mendel to describe the 'heritable units' in particulate inheritance?
Factors
What is the analogy used to describe blending inheritance?
Mixing paint
Who demonstrated that blending inheritance would rapidly lead to complete uniformity for a biological trait?
Fleeming Jenkin
What was the prevailing hypothesis of inheritance in the 19th century?
Blending inheritance
What is the result of blending inheritance in terms of parental traits?
Traits of the parents determine the outer bounds of the trait manifested in the offspring
What is the fundamental principle underlying Mendel's dihybrid cross?
The Law of Independent Assortment
What happens to individuals with two lethal alleles?
They will not survive
In a cross between two pea plants, what is the probability of an offspring having the genotype Rr?
0.5
What is an example of a trait that is influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors?
Quantitative characters/traits
What is the term for the physical expression of a trait?
Phenotype
What is the term for a gene that affects the expression of another gene at a different locus?
Epistasis
What is the pattern of inheritance exhibited by the trait of brachydactyly in humans?
Autosomal dominant
What is an example of a condition caused by a de novo dominant allele?
Overo Lethal White Foal Syndrome
What is the term for the phenomenon where one gene affects multiple phenotypic outcomes?
Pleiotropy
What is the underlying cause of many human diseases?
Mutations in single genes
What is an example of a trait that is determined by a single gene and follows Mendel's laws?
ABO blood group system
Who is credited with documenting the first Mendelian trait in humans?
William Curtis Farabee
What is the key characteristic of incomplete dominance?
The phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate to the phenotype of either homozygote.
What is the difference between codominance and incomplete dominance?
Codominance results in a unique phenotype in the heterozygote, while incomplete dominance results in the expression of both alleles.
What is the primary consequence of Mendel's First Law of Segregation?
Half of the gametes carry one allele and the other half carry the other allele.
What is the term for a single gene with multiple alleles present in a population?
Multiple alleles
What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype in a heterozygote under incomplete dominance?
The phenotype is intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygotes.
What is the key distinction between particulate inheritance and blending inheritance?
Particulate inheritance involves the separation of alleles, whereas blending inheritance involves the blending of alleles.
What is the significance of Mendel's principles in understanding complex biological characters?
Mendel's principles underpin the concept of particulate inheritance, which still applies to complex biological characters.
According to Mendel's First Law, what is the proportion of gametes that carry one allele of a gene controlling a character?
One-half
What is the term for the phenomenon where a single gene affects multiple phenotypes?
Pleiotropy
What is the term used to describe the physical expression of a character in an organism?
Phenotype
What is the term used to describe the genetic makeup of an organism?
Genotype
During gamete production, what happens to the two alleles of a gene controlling a character?
They separate into different gametes.
Compare and contrast two competing hypotheses on heredity: blending inheritance and particulate inheritance. Understand how each theory explains the transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
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