Heredity Review Guide: Thank You Kenidy

Phenotype = The physical expression of a gene Genotype = The genetic makeup of an organism Allele = Alternative forms of a gene Heterozygous = Having two different alleles for a trait

Dominant allele = An allele that masks the expression of the recessive allele Recessive allele = An allele that is only expressed when two copies are present Punnett square = A tool used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring Genetic variation = Differences in genetic makeup within a population

Pedigree analysis = Tracing the inheritance of traits through generations of a family Karyotype = A visual representation of an organism's chromosomes DNA sequencing = Determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule Gel electrophoresis = Separating DNA fragments based on size

<p>Down Syndrome = Trisomy 21, an extra copy of chromosome 21 Cystic Fibrosis = Recessive mutation in the CFTR gene Sickle Cell Anemia = Recessive mutation in the hemoglobin gene Hemophilia = Recessive mutation in genes involved in blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meiosis = Cell division that produces haploid gametes (sex cells) Mitosis = Cell division that produces identical daughter cells Crossing over = Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis Independent assortment = Random separation of chromosomes during meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by alleles.

The observable characteristics of an organism resulting from the genotype.

Different forms of a gene that determine specific traits.

A trait that is expressed when at least one allele is dominant.