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Questions and Answers
What is heredity?
What is heredity?
- The production of proteins in cells
- The process of variation among species
- The mutation of genes over generations
- The transfer of characters from parents to offspring (correct)
What are the main sources of variation?
What are the main sources of variation?
- Natural selection and genetic drift
- Genetic recombination, mutations, and population migrations (correct)
- Environmental factors and lifestyle changes
- Cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Which of the following accurately describes medical genetics?
Which of the following accurately describes medical genetics?
- The study of animal genetics only
- A branch of genetics focusing solely on genetic counseling
- The application of genetics to medical practice (correct)
- The analysis of hereditary diseases among plants
What structure describes DNA?
What structure describes DNA?
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How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
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Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?
Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?
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What role does DNA play in cellular function?
What role does DNA play in cellular function?
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Which statement correctly describes chromosomes?
Which statement correctly describes chromosomes?
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Study Notes
Heredity and Variation
- Heredity refers to the transfer of traits from parents to offspring.
- Variation describes the differences in traits among individuals of the same species.
- Genetic recombination during meiosis, mutations, and population migrations are key sources of variation.
- Variation is essential for adaptation to changing environments.
- Variation serves as the foundation for heredity.
- Variation provides the raw material for evolution and the development of new species.
Medical Genetics
- Medical genetics involves applying genetic principles to medical practices.
- It includes studying the inheritance of diseases within families.
- It involves mapping disease genes to specific locations on chromosomes.
- It analyzes molecular mechanisms that link genes to diseases.
- Medical genetics plays a role in diagnosing and treating diseases.
- Genetic counseling is an integral part of medical genetics.
DNA
- DNA holds hereditary information in all living organisms, including humans.
- DNA provides instructions for cells to produce proteins, which drive crucial body functions.
- DNA has a double helix structure, resembling two intertwined ropes.
- Each DNA strand consists of a sugar-phosphate backbone with four types of bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
- Bases pair specifically across the DNA strands: adenine with thymine, and cytosine with guanine.
Chromosomes
- Genes are packaged within tightly wound lengths of DNA called chromosomes.
- Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
- Sex chromosomes (X or Y) determine a person's sex.
- Chromosomes can be identified under a microscope based on their size and shape.
- Each chromosome carries a specific set of genes that are consistent across individuals.
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