Herbal Medicine Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which phenolic acid is mentioned in the content?

  • Quinic Acid
  • Cynaropicrin
  • Chlorogenic Acid
  • Cynarin (correct)

What is one of the uses of sesquiterpene lactones?

  • Increase vision clarity
  • Reduce inflammation
  • Treat dyspepsia (correct)
  • Enhance muscle growth

Which condition is associated with the use of caffeoylquinic acids?

  • Hyperlipidemia (correct)
  • Diabetes management
  • Skin disorders
  • Hypertension

What effect do choleretics have on bile?

<p>Increase production and secretion of bile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is not typically treated with the substances mentioned?

<p>Constipation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum recommended daily dose of moringa?

<p>6 grams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following constituents is NOT mentioned in relation to moringa?

<p>Vitamins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds do sterols and triterpenes belong to?

<p>Lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a beneficial component of moringa?

<p>Flavonoids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should the nutritious activity of moringa be approached with caution?

<p>There are dose limitations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What health benefit is associated with the antioxidants found in leaves?

<p>Reduce cholesterol levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit linked to the consumption of leaves?

<p>Enhance liver toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do the antioxidants in leaves have on aging?

<p>They delay the aging process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do leaves contribute to cardiovascular health?

<p>By providing antioxidants that help lower cholesterol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about leaves is accurate?

<p>Leaves provide antioxidants that support various health benefits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes Buchu more preferred than Uva ursi?

<p>Buchu lacks tannins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use of Buchu?

<p>Digestive aid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is Buchu NOT typically associated with treating?

<p>Gastroenteritis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic properties does Buchu possess?

<p>Antiseptic, astringent, and anti-inflammatory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way is Buchu beneficial for urinary tract infections?

<p>It acts as an antiseptic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result when arbutin is tested with Pd.+ dil.HCl?

<p>Long rods or feathery aggregates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reagent is suggested to be added to the crucible along with Pd.+ dil.HCl?

<p>NH4OH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color change observed when NH4OH is added to the system involving arbutin?

<p>Brown color (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred method of observation after adding the reagents in the arbutin test?

<p>Covering with a glass slide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical form do the products take when the reaction succeeds?

<p>Long rods or aggregates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Boldine as described?

<p>Hepatic stimulant or tonic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use of the compounds mentioned?

<p>High blood pressure treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of substance is Boldoglucin classified as?

<p>Glycoside (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is mentioned about the V.O.Oil cells?

<p>Presence of stellate hairs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as a mild effect of the compounds mentioned?

<p>Mild diuretic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Sesquiterpene lactones

These compounds, like cynaropicrin, are found in artichoke and have a bitter taste.

Cynarin

A type of phenolic acid found in artichoke, known for its bitter taste.

Dyspepsia

A condition characterized by indigestion, bloating and nausea.

Choleretic

The process of increasing bile production and secretion.

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Hyperlipidemia

A condition with high levels of lipids in the blood, potentially leading to hardening of the arteries.

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Moringa Dosage Limit

Moringa's daily intake should be limited to 6 grams to avoid potential side effects.

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Sterols and Triterpenes

These compounds contribute to Moringa's nutritional benefits.

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Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids

These compounds act as antioxidants, protecting cells from damage.

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How do artichokes help cardiovascular health?

Artichoke leaves are rich in specific compounds that can help lower cholesterol levels in the blood.

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Moringa's Nutritional Value

Moringa is a nutritional powerhouse, offering various health benefits.

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Beta-Carotenes

This compound is a precursor to vitamin A, important for vision and immune function.

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How are artichokes hepatoprotective?

Artichokes contain compounds that can defend the liver from damage caused by harmful substances.

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How can artichokes help reduce cancer risk?

Artichokes have properties that can help reduce the risk of developing certain types of cancer.

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How can artichokes delay aging?

Artichokes contain antioxidants that can help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.

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How can artichokes help reduce inflammation?

Artichokes contain substances that can reduce the effects of inflammation in the body.

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Buchu

A plant preferred over Uva ursi for treating urinary tract infections because it lacks tannins.

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Cystitis

A condition characterized by inflammation of the bladder.

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Urethritis

A condition characterized by inflammation of the urethra.

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Antiseptic

A substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms.

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Astringent

A substance that causes the constriction of tissues and reduces secretions.

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Arbutin Sublimation Test

A test to identify the presence of arbutin, a compound commonly found in plants like bearberry and blueberry, using sublimation and color changes.

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Sublimation

The process of a solid transforming directly into a gas, skipping the liquid phase, often used in this test to isolate arbutin from the sample.

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Dilute HCl

The addition of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used to extract the arbutin from the sample.

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Brown Coloration with NH4OH

The reaction of arbutin with ammonia (NH4OH) produces a brown colored product, indicating the positive identification of arbutin.

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Long Rods/Feathery Aggregates

The long rods or feathery aggregates observed during the test are a result of the sublimation of arbutin, a key indicator of its presence.

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Boldine

A type of alkaloid found in Boldo, a plant used for its medicinal properties.

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Boldoglucin

A type of glycoside found in Boldo, a plant used for its medicinal properties.

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V.O. Oil cells in Boldo

A type of cell found in Boldo, a plant used for its medicinal properties, containing volatile oils.

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Chemical test for Boldine

A chemical test specifically used to detect the presence of Boldine, an alkaloid found in Boldo.

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Stellate hairs in Boldo

A type of hair found in Boldo, a plant used for its medicinal properties, characterized by a star-like shape.

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Study Notes

Artichoke Leaves (Folium Cynarae)

  • Origin: Dried basal leaves of Cynara cardunculus (Asteraceae)
  • Alternative name: Cynara scolymus
  • Official use: Fresh lower part of the flowerhead is used in African pharmacopoeia.
  • Content variation: Top young leaves have higher levels of active compounds (A.C.) compared to older basal leaves.
  • Leaf characteristics: Large leaves, up to 50 cm long and 25 cm wide; pinnatisect with toothed margins.

Active Constituents

  • Phenolic acids: Caffeoylquinic acids (e.g., cynarin)
  • Sesquiterpene lactones: Cynaropicrin

Uses

  • Gastrointestinal (GIT) issues: Treats dyspepsia, flatulence and vomiting.
  • Bile production: Promotes bile production and secretion (choleretic).
  • Lipid management: Effective in treating hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
  • Liver protection: Protects the liver from free radicals, pollutants and fatty liver (hepato protective).
  • Urinary stones: Traditionally used as a diuretic to manage urinary stones.

Side Effects

  • Gastrointestinal discomfort: Cramps, nausea, and heartburn.

Contraindications

  • Bile duct obstruction: Avoid use if bile ducts are obstructed (e.g., gallstones).
  • Plant allergies: Individuals sensitive to artichokes or other plants in the Asteraceae family should avoid use.

Moringa Tree

  • Source: Fresh or dried leaves of Moringa oleifera, from the Moringaceae family.
  • Other uses: Seeds, roots, fruits, and stem bark are also medicinally used.
  • Common name: Also called the drumstick tree or horseradish tree (the root tastes like radish).

Moringa Active Constituents

  • Vitamins: B, K, E, C, D, and A
  • Minerals: Mn, Cu, Mg, Zn, P, Fe, K, Na, and Ca
  • Other: Protein and amino acids

Moringa Uses

  • Malnutrition: Beneficial in treating malnutrition.
  • Nutrient boost: Potential boost to nutrition, but dosage limitations (up to 6 grams/day) should be considered.
  • Antioxidant: Antioxidant properties are noted, as are numerous supportive treatments
  • Food: Used as food due to its high nutritional value.
  • Cardiovascular: Lowers cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular disease.
  • Other uses: Effective in other ailments and traditionally used as a lactagogue (not confirmed).

Moringa Side Effects & Contraindications

  • Nausea, diarrhea, heartburn: Potential side effects, especially with high intake or improper use.
  • Pregnancy: Prohibited during pregnancy to avoid abortion.
  • Overconsumption: Overconsumption may have toxic effects, especially with the roots

Uva Ursi

  • Source: Dried leaves of Arctostaphylos uva ursi (Ericaceae)
  • Common names: Bearberry, Red Bearberry

Uva Ursi Active Constituents

  • Phenolic glycosides: Arbutin, methyl arbutin, and Ericolin
  • Tannins: High concentrations
  • Flavonoids: Present

Uva Ursi Action & Uses

  • Antiseptic/astringent: For urinary tract infections (UTIs), cystitis, and urethritis.
  • Diuretic: Promotes urination.
  • Whitening agent: Acts as a tyrosinase inhibitor, preventing melanin formation to treat hyperpigmentation disorders.

Boldo

  • Source: Dried leaves of Peumus boldus (Monimiaceae)
  • Active Constituents:
  • Alkaloid: Boldine
  • Glycoside: Boldoglucin
  • Volatile Oil: Present

Boldo Uses

  • Hepatic tonic: Treats jaundice
  • Mild diuretic: Promotes urination
  • Mild laxative: Promotes bowel movements

Coca Leaves

  • Active Constituents: Cocaine Alkaloid
  • Uses: CNS stimulant, local anesthetic

Ginkgo Leaves

  • Active Constituents: Flavonoids and biflavonoids
  • Uses: Improves cerebral and peripheral blood circulation; cognitive enhancer, particularly for those with Alzheimer's; Antioxidant

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Medicinal Leaves Part 3 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the uses and benefits of various herbal compounds, particularly focusing on moringa and its constituents. This quiz covers phenolic acids, antioxidants, and other natural products used in herbal medicine. See how well you know the health benefits and recommended dosages of these plants.

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