Herbal Medicine Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which phenolic acid is mentioned in the content?

Quinic Acid

Cynaropicrin

Chlorogenic Acid

Cynarin (correct)

What is one of the uses of sesquiterpene lactones?

Increase vision clarity

Reduce inflammation

Treat dyspepsia (correct)

Enhance muscle growth

Which condition is associated with the use of caffeoylquinic acids?

Hyperlipidemia (correct)

Diabetes management

Skin disorders

Hypertension

What effect do choleretics have on bile?

Increase production and secretion of bile Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is not typically treated with the substances mentioned?

Constipation Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum recommended daily dose of moringa?

6 grams Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following constituents is NOT mentioned in relation to moringa?

Vitamins Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds do sterols and triterpenes belong to?

Lipids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a beneficial component of moringa?

Flavonoids Signup and view all the answers

Why should the nutritious activity of moringa be approached with caution?

There are dose limitations Signup and view all the answers

What health benefit is associated with the antioxidants found in leaves?

Reduce cholesterol levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit linked to the consumption of leaves?

Enhance liver toxicity Signup and view all the answers

What effect do the antioxidants in leaves have on aging?

They delay the aging process. Signup and view all the answers

How do leaves contribute to cardiovascular health?

By providing antioxidants that help lower cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about leaves is accurate?

Leaves provide antioxidants that support various health benefits. Signup and view all the answers

What makes Buchu more preferred than Uva ursi?

Buchu lacks tannins. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use of Buchu?

Digestive aid. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is Buchu NOT typically associated with treating?

Gastroenteritis. Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic properties does Buchu possess?

Antiseptic, astringent, and anti-inflammatory. Signup and view all the answers

In what way is Buchu beneficial for urinary tract infections?

It acts as an antiseptic. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result when arbutin is tested with Pd.+ dil.HCl?

Long rods or feathery aggregates Signup and view all the answers

Which reagent is suggested to be added to the crucible along with Pd.+ dil.HCl?

NH4OH Signup and view all the answers

What is the color change observed when NH4OH is added to the system involving arbutin?

Brown color Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred method of observation after adding the reagents in the arbutin test?

Covering with a glass slide Signup and view all the answers

Which physical form do the products take when the reaction succeeds?

Long rods or aggregates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Boldine as described?

Hepatic stimulant or tonic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use of the compounds mentioned?

High blood pressure treatment Signup and view all the answers

What type of substance is Boldoglucin classified as?

Glycoside Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is mentioned about the V.O.Oil cells?

Presence of stellate hairs Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as a mild effect of the compounds mentioned?

Mild diuretic Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Artichoke Leaves (Folium Cynarae)

Origin: Dried basal leaves of Cynara cardunculus (Asteraceae)
Alternative name: Cynara scolymus
Official use: Fresh lower part of the flowerhead is used in African pharmacopoeia.
Content variation: Top young leaves have higher levels of active compounds (A.C.) compared to older basal leaves.
Leaf characteristics: Large leaves, up to 50 cm long and 25 cm wide; pinnatisect with toothed margins.

Active Constituents

Phenolic acids: Caffeoylquinic acids (e.g., cynarin)
Sesquiterpene lactones: Cynaropicrin

Uses

Gastrointestinal (GIT) issues: Treats dyspepsia, flatulence and vomiting.
Bile production: Promotes bile production and secretion (choleretic).
Lipid management: Effective in treating hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
Liver protection: Protects the liver from free radicals, pollutants and fatty liver (hepato protective).
Urinary stones: Traditionally used as a diuretic to manage urinary stones.

Side Effects

Gastrointestinal discomfort: Cramps, nausea, and heartburn.

Contraindications

Bile duct obstruction: Avoid use if bile ducts are obstructed (e.g., gallstones).
Plant allergies: Individuals sensitive to artichokes or other plants in the Asteraceae family should avoid use.

Moringa Tree

Source: Fresh or dried leaves of Moringa oleifera, from the Moringaceae family.
Other uses: Seeds, roots, fruits, and stem bark are also medicinally used.
Common name: Also called the drumstick tree or horseradish tree (the root tastes like radish).

Moringa Active Constituents

Vitamins: B, K, E, C, D, and A
Minerals: Mn, Cu, Mg, Zn, P, Fe, K, Na, and Ca
Other: Protein and amino acids

Moringa Uses

Malnutrition: Beneficial in treating malnutrition.
Nutrient boost: Potential boost to nutrition, but dosage limitations (up to 6 grams/day) should be considered.
Antioxidant: Antioxidant properties are noted, as are numerous supportive treatments
Food: Used as food due to its high nutritional value.
Cardiovascular: Lowers cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular disease.
Other uses: Effective in other ailments and traditionally used as a lactagogue (not confirmed).

Moringa Side Effects & Contraindications

Nausea, diarrhea, heartburn: Potential side effects, especially with high intake or improper use.
Pregnancy: Prohibited during pregnancy to avoid abortion.
Overconsumption: Overconsumption may have toxic effects, especially with the roots

Uva Ursi

Source: Dried leaves of Arctostaphylos uva ursi (Ericaceae)
Common names: Bearberry, Red Bearberry

Uva Ursi Active Constituents

Phenolic glycosides: Arbutin, methyl arbutin, and Ericolin
Tannins: High concentrations
Flavonoids: Present

Uva Ursi Action & Uses

Antiseptic/astringent: For urinary tract infections (UTIs), cystitis, and urethritis.
Diuretic: Promotes urination.
Whitening agent: Acts as a tyrosinase inhibitor, preventing melanin formation to treat hyperpigmentation disorders.

Boldo

Source: Dried leaves of Peumus boldus (Monimiaceae)
Active Constituents:
Alkaloid: Boldine
Glycoside: Boldoglucin
Volatile Oil: Present

Boldo Uses

Hepatic tonic: Treats jaundice
Mild diuretic: Promotes urination
Mild laxative: Promotes bowel movements

Coca Leaves

Active Constituents: Cocaine Alkaloid
Uses: CNS stimulant, local anesthetic

Ginkgo Leaves

Active Constituents: Flavonoids and biflavonoids
Uses: Improves cerebral and peripheral blood circulation; cognitive enhancer, particularly for those with Alzheimer's; Antioxidant

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Description

Test your knowledge on the uses and benefits of various herbal compounds, particularly focusing on moringa and its constituents. This quiz covers phenolic acids, antioxidants, and other natural products used in herbal medicine. See how well you know the health benefits and recommended dosages of these plants.