Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Health
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Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Health

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Questions and Answers

What beneficial effect does Hawthorn have on the myocardial blood flow?

  • Reduces cholesterol levels
  • Increases heart rate
  • Improves coronary blood flow (correct)
  • Lowers blood pressure

    • Hawthorn is contraindicated for children under 12 years of age.

    True

    Name one potential drug interaction with Hawthorn.

    Cardiac glycosides or beta-blockers.

    GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) has __________ properties that help reduce lipids in the body.

    <p>lipid-reducing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a property of garlic?

    <p>Depressant effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hawthorn extracts are suggested to have anti-inflammatory properties.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Hawthorn in folk medicine?

    <p>Cardiotonic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following properties with their corresponding substances:

    <p>Hawthorn = Cardiotonic and anti-inflammatory properties Garlic = Antimicrobial and lipid-reducing properties Both = Inhibitory effects on cholesterol biosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is garlic approved to help with by Commission E?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Garlic can cause gastrointestinal disturbances when consumed in excess.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average daily dose of fresh garlic recommended?

    <p>4 gm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Garlic has been reported to cause __________ and blood pressure reduction.

    <p>vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following garlic uses with their respective conditions:

    <p>Flatulence = Gastrointestinal disturbances Warts = External applications Neuralgia = Muscle pain Hypertension = Blood pressure management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effective daily dose of garlic powder for hypertension?

    <p>200-300 mg three times daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one drug that garlic can interact with, increasing the risk of bleeding.

    <p>Coumadin (warfarin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Garlic can be taken safely with any dosage without any side effects.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the approved uses of camphor by Commission E?

    <p>Arrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Soya protein will not affect levothyroxine absorption in any individual.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of horse chestnut for cardiovascular health?

    <p>Improving venous tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Camphor is used in folk medicine to treat __________ symptoms.

    <p>muscular rheumatism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following plants with their approved uses:

    <p>Camphor = Cough / bronchitis Soybean = Raised levels of cholesterol Horse chestnut = Chronic venous insufficiency Soybean + Levothyroxine = Hypothyroidism management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with the use of soybean?

    <p>General debility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aescin is known to increase vascular leakage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one reason soybean is used in folk medicine.

    <p>Liver complaints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of Ginseng related to glucose metabolism?

    <p>Stimulates insulin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ginseng is recommended for use during pregnancy due to its safety profile.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Ginseng Abuse Syndrome'?

    <p>A hypertension syndrome associated with prolonged high doses of Ginseng and caffeine use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ginseng is traditionally used to treat __________ and __________.

    <p>loss of appetite, general weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their corresponding Ginseng recommendations:

    <p>Fatigue = Used internally Post menopausal vaginal bleeding = Not recommended Antidiabetic agents = Caution advised Loss of appetite = Folk medicine usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances should be avoided with Ginseng due to potential nephrotoxicity?

    <p>Loop Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ginseng is approved by Commission E for lack of stamina.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one effect of Ginseng on coronary arteries.

    <p>Dilatation of coronary arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of Ginkgo biloba?

    <p>Inhibits platelet-activating factor (PAF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ginkgo biloba is indicated for the symptomatic relief of organic brain dysfunction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the potential adverse effects of Ginkgo biloba on female health?

    <p>Adverse effects on oocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ginkgo biloba may induce __________ due to its effect on platelet-activating factor (PAF).

    <p>spontaneous bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their association with Ginkgo biloba usage:

    <p>Intermittent claudication = Impairment in walking relieved by rest Tinnitus = Vascular origin Dizziness = Disturbed brain functions Vertigo = Vascular origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following patients should avoid Ginkgo biloba?

    <p>Patients with known risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of properties does Ginkgo biloba exhibit that increases cerebral hypoxia tolerance?

    <p>Antioxidant properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The use of Ginkgo biloba can potentially interfere with antiepileptic medications.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hawthorn

    • Hawthorn (Crataegus Species) is a herbal medicine used in folk medicine to treat cardiovascular conditions
    • It improves the myocardial blood flow
    • Hawthorn has a positively inotropic and positively chronotropic effect
    • It is used for hypertension, ischemia of the heart, arrhythmia, and as a sedative
    • High doses of Hawthorn can cause sedation
    • Contraindicated in children under 12 years of age, during the first trimester of pregnancy, and nursing mothers
    • It can potentiate the effects of cardiac glycosides
    • It should not be taken in combination with beta-blockers or Class III antiarrhythmics
    • Avoid taking with Cisapride, a gastroprokinetic agent that increases motility in the upper gastrointestinal tract

    Garlic

    • Garlic (Allium Sativum) is another herbal medicine used to treat cardiovascular conditions
    • It exhibits antimicrobial, lipid-reducing, and anti-oxidative properties
    • It inhibits the key enzymes in cholesterol biosynthesis
    • It exhibits antithrombotic effects through inhibition of platelet thromboxane formation
    • It is approved by Commission E for the treatment of arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and raised cholesterol
    • It is also used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory respiratory conditions, gastrointestinal disturbances, and diverse illnesses
    • Average daily dose is 4 gm of fresh garlic or 8 mg of essential oil.
    • Effective doses for different cardiovascular conditions:
      • Arteriosclerosis: 600-800 mg of garlic powder and dried garlic daily
      • Hyperlipidemia : 600-900 mg of garlic powder (standardized to 1.3% of alliin content) daily
      • Hypertension: 200-300 mg of garlic powder three times daily
    • Overconsumption can cause heartburn, flatulence, gastrointestinal disturbances, decrease in hematocrit values and plasma viscosity, and burns on contact
    • Garlic can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulants and antiplatelets, such as Coumadin (warfarin), aspirin, and dipyridamole
    • It can also increase bleeding time when taken with NSAIDs, such as indomethacin, by decreasing platelet aggregation
    • Concomitant use of garlic with ACE inhibitors can cause dangerously low blood pressure

    Ginkgo Biloba

    • Ginkgo Biloba is a herbal medicine used in folk medicine to treat cardiovascular conditions.
    • It works by inhibiting platelet-activating factor (PAF)
    • It exerts antioxidant effects through its flavonoids, increasing cerebral hypoxia tolerance
    • It has spasmolytic properties and helps in the prevention of lipid peroxidation
    • It is approved by Commission E for the symptomatic relief of organic brain dysfunction, intermittent claudication, vertigo (vascular origin), and tinnitus (vascular origin)
    • It is used in folk medicine to treat disturbed brain functions (dizziness, headache and anxiety) and to improve concentration and memory
    • Patients with a known risk of intracranial hemorrhage should avoid the use of Ginkgo Biloba
    • Ginkgo has adverse effects on oocytes
    • Avoid taking Ginkgo with anti-thrombolytic agents (anticoagulants, antiplatelets and aspirin) as there is an increased risk of bleeding

    Ginseng

    • Ginseng (Panax Species) is a traditional medicine used to treat cardiovascular conditions.
    • It reduces LDL triglycerides and cholesterol by activating lipoprotein lipase
    • It also has hypoglycemic effects by stimulating insulin release, enhancing insulin receptors, and enhancing glucose metabolism.
    • Ginseng helps to treat angina by inhibiting atherogenesis through decreased proliferation of smooth muscle cells and by dilating coronary arteries
    • It is approved by Commission E for use in cases of lack of stamina
    • It is used in folk medicine to treat fatigue, debility, loss of appetite, general weakness, neuralgia, impotence, sterility, insomnia, and anxiety
    • Caution should be taken in patients with cardiovascular disease or diabetes
    • Prolonged high-dose use of Ginseng with concomitant use of caffeine can lead to "Ginseng Abuse Syndrome", with hypertension symptoms
    • Oral Ginseng and Ginseng face cream can result in post-menopausal vaginal bleeding
    • Not recommended during pregnancy or lactation due to the possibility of neonatal androgenization
    • Caution should be taken when taking antidiabetic agents or insulin to lower blood glucose due to increased hypoglycemic effects
    • Avoid taking Ginseng with phenelzine (MAOI) as it is also an MAOI with similar potential adverse effects
    • Avoid taking Ginseng with antiplatelet agents or NSAIDs due to the antiplatelet effect of Ginseng
    • Avoid with loop diuretics: Germanium, present in most Ginseng products, can cause nephrotoxicity in the same nephron segment where loop diuretics work

    Camphor

    • Camphor Tree (Cinnamomum camphora) is a traditional medicine used to treat cardiovascular conditions.
    • Externally, it acts as a bronchial secretolytic and hyperemic agent
    • Internally, it acts as a respiratory analeptic and bronchospasmolytic agent, but at a dosage considered toxic
    • It has an antibacterial effect in vitro with cineol as the main active compound
    • It is used externally in folk medicine to treat muscular rheumatism and cardiac symptoms
    • It is also used internally in folk medicine to treat hypotonic circulatory regulation disorders, digestive complaints, and inflammation of respiratory tract mucous membranes
    • It is approved by Commission E for the treatment of arrhythmia, cough/bronchitis, hypotension, nervous heart complaints, and rheumatism

    Soybean

    • Soybean (Glycine soja) is a source of protein and oil, and is used in traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular conditions
    • Levothyroxine, a thyroid hormone replacement drug, can interact with soybean and reduce its absorption
    • Soybean isoflavones can inhibit the activity of thyroid peroxidase, an enzyme required for thyroid hormone synthesis
    • It is approved by Commission E for the treatment of raised cholesterol levels
    • It is used in folk medicine to treat liver and gallbladder complaints, anemia, poor concentration, cerebral and nerve conditions, and general debility

    Horse Chestnut

    • Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) produces hydroxycoumarin, which can improve venous tone by inhibiting leukocyte activation
    • Aescin, a substance found in Horse Chestnut, is thought to decrease vascular leakage by inhibiting elastase and hyaluronase.
    • It is used to treat chronic venous insufficiency (CVI).

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    Description

    This quiz explores the benefits and uses of Hawthorn and Garlic in treating cardiovascular conditions. Learn about their medicinal properties, contraindications, and interactions with other medications. Test your knowledge on these powerful herbal remedies.

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