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Questions and Answers
What beneficial effect does Hawthorn have on the myocardial blood flow?
What beneficial effect does Hawthorn have on the myocardial blood flow?
Hawthorn is contraindicated for children under 12 years of age.
Hawthorn is contraindicated for children under 12 years of age.
True
Name one potential drug interaction with Hawthorn.
Name one potential drug interaction with Hawthorn.
Cardiac glycosides or beta-blockers.
GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) has __________ properties that help reduce lipids in the body.
GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) has __________ properties that help reduce lipids in the body.
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Which of the following is NOT a property of garlic?
Which of the following is NOT a property of garlic?
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Hawthorn extracts are suggested to have anti-inflammatory properties.
Hawthorn extracts are suggested to have anti-inflammatory properties.
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What is the primary effect of Hawthorn in folk medicine?
What is the primary effect of Hawthorn in folk medicine?
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Match the following properties with their corresponding substances:
Match the following properties with their corresponding substances:
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Which of the following conditions is garlic approved to help with by Commission E?
Which of the following conditions is garlic approved to help with by Commission E?
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Garlic can cause gastrointestinal disturbances when consumed in excess.
Garlic can cause gastrointestinal disturbances when consumed in excess.
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What is the average daily dose of fresh garlic recommended?
What is the average daily dose of fresh garlic recommended?
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Garlic has been reported to cause __________ and blood pressure reduction.
Garlic has been reported to cause __________ and blood pressure reduction.
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Match the following garlic uses with their respective conditions:
Match the following garlic uses with their respective conditions:
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What is the effective daily dose of garlic powder for hypertension?
What is the effective daily dose of garlic powder for hypertension?
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Name one drug that garlic can interact with, increasing the risk of bleeding.
Name one drug that garlic can interact with, increasing the risk of bleeding.
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Garlic can be taken safely with any dosage without any side effects.
Garlic can be taken safely with any dosage without any side effects.
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What is one of the approved uses of camphor by Commission E?
What is one of the approved uses of camphor by Commission E?
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Soya protein will not affect levothyroxine absorption in any individual.
Soya protein will not affect levothyroxine absorption in any individual.
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What is the primary use of horse chestnut for cardiovascular health?
What is the primary use of horse chestnut for cardiovascular health?
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Camphor is used in folk medicine to treat __________ symptoms.
Camphor is used in folk medicine to treat __________ symptoms.
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Match the following plants with their approved uses:
Match the following plants with their approved uses:
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Which of the following conditions is associated with the use of soybean?
Which of the following conditions is associated with the use of soybean?
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Aescin is known to increase vascular leakage.
Aescin is known to increase vascular leakage.
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Name one reason soybean is used in folk medicine.
Name one reason soybean is used in folk medicine.
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Which of the following is a benefit of Ginseng related to glucose metabolism?
Which of the following is a benefit of Ginseng related to glucose metabolism?
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Ginseng is recommended for use during pregnancy due to its safety profile.
Ginseng is recommended for use during pregnancy due to its safety profile.
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What is 'Ginseng Abuse Syndrome'?
What is 'Ginseng Abuse Syndrome'?
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Ginseng is traditionally used to treat __________ and __________.
Ginseng is traditionally used to treat __________ and __________.
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Match the following conditions with their corresponding Ginseng recommendations:
Match the following conditions with their corresponding Ginseng recommendations:
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Which of the following substances should be avoided with Ginseng due to potential nephrotoxicity?
Which of the following substances should be avoided with Ginseng due to potential nephrotoxicity?
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Ginseng is approved by Commission E for lack of stamina.
Ginseng is approved by Commission E for lack of stamina.
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Name one effect of Ginseng on coronary arteries.
Name one effect of Ginseng on coronary arteries.
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Which of the following is a function of Ginkgo biloba?
Which of the following is a function of Ginkgo biloba?
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Ginkgo biloba is indicated for the symptomatic relief of organic brain dysfunction.
Ginkgo biloba is indicated for the symptomatic relief of organic brain dysfunction.
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What is one of the potential adverse effects of Ginkgo biloba on female health?
What is one of the potential adverse effects of Ginkgo biloba on female health?
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Ginkgo biloba may induce __________ due to its effect on platelet-activating factor (PAF).
Ginkgo biloba may induce __________ due to its effect on platelet-activating factor (PAF).
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Match the following conditions with their association with Ginkgo biloba usage:
Match the following conditions with their association with Ginkgo biloba usage:
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Which of the following patients should avoid Ginkgo biloba?
Which of the following patients should avoid Ginkgo biloba?
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What type of properties does Ginkgo biloba exhibit that increases cerebral hypoxia tolerance?
What type of properties does Ginkgo biloba exhibit that increases cerebral hypoxia tolerance?
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The use of Ginkgo biloba can potentially interfere with antiepileptic medications.
The use of Ginkgo biloba can potentially interfere with antiepileptic medications.
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Study Notes
Hawthorn
- Hawthorn (Crataegus Species) is a herbal medicine used in folk medicine to treat cardiovascular conditions
- It improves the myocardial blood flow
- Hawthorn has a positively inotropic and positively chronotropic effect
- It is used for hypertension, ischemia of the heart, arrhythmia, and as a sedative
- High doses of Hawthorn can cause sedation
- Contraindicated in children under 12 years of age, during the first trimester of pregnancy, and nursing mothers
- It can potentiate the effects of cardiac glycosides
- It should not be taken in combination with beta-blockers or Class III antiarrhythmics
- Avoid taking with Cisapride, a gastroprokinetic agent that increases motility in the upper gastrointestinal tract
Garlic
- Garlic (Allium Sativum) is another herbal medicine used to treat cardiovascular conditions
- It exhibits antimicrobial, lipid-reducing, and anti-oxidative properties
- It inhibits the key enzymes in cholesterol biosynthesis
- It exhibits antithrombotic effects through inhibition of platelet thromboxane formation
- It is approved by Commission E for the treatment of arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and raised cholesterol
- It is also used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory respiratory conditions, gastrointestinal disturbances, and diverse illnesses
- Average daily dose is 4 gm of fresh garlic or 8 mg of essential oil.
- Effective doses for different cardiovascular conditions:
- Arteriosclerosis: 600-800 mg of garlic powder and dried garlic daily
- Hyperlipidemia : 600-900 mg of garlic powder (standardized to 1.3% of alliin content) daily
- Hypertension: 200-300 mg of garlic powder three times daily
- Overconsumption can cause heartburn, flatulence, gastrointestinal disturbances, decrease in hematocrit values and plasma viscosity, and burns on contact
- Garlic can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulants and antiplatelets, such as Coumadin (warfarin), aspirin, and dipyridamole
- It can also increase bleeding time when taken with NSAIDs, such as indomethacin, by decreasing platelet aggregation
- Concomitant use of garlic with ACE inhibitors can cause dangerously low blood pressure
Ginkgo Biloba
- Ginkgo Biloba is a herbal medicine used in folk medicine to treat cardiovascular conditions.
- It works by inhibiting platelet-activating factor (PAF)
- It exerts antioxidant effects through its flavonoids, increasing cerebral hypoxia tolerance
- It has spasmolytic properties and helps in the prevention of lipid peroxidation
- It is approved by Commission E for the symptomatic relief of organic brain dysfunction, intermittent claudication, vertigo (vascular origin), and tinnitus (vascular origin)
- It is used in folk medicine to treat disturbed brain functions (dizziness, headache and anxiety) and to improve concentration and memory
- Patients with a known risk of intracranial hemorrhage should avoid the use of Ginkgo Biloba
- Ginkgo has adverse effects on oocytes
- Avoid taking Ginkgo with anti-thrombolytic agents (anticoagulants, antiplatelets and aspirin) as there is an increased risk of bleeding
Ginseng
- Ginseng (Panax Species) is a traditional medicine used to treat cardiovascular conditions.
- It reduces LDL triglycerides and cholesterol by activating lipoprotein lipase
- It also has hypoglycemic effects by stimulating insulin release, enhancing insulin receptors, and enhancing glucose metabolism.
- Ginseng helps to treat angina by inhibiting atherogenesis through decreased proliferation of smooth muscle cells and by dilating coronary arteries
- It is approved by Commission E for use in cases of lack of stamina
- It is used in folk medicine to treat fatigue, debility, loss of appetite, general weakness, neuralgia, impotence, sterility, insomnia, and anxiety
- Caution should be taken in patients with cardiovascular disease or diabetes
- Prolonged high-dose use of Ginseng with concomitant use of caffeine can lead to "Ginseng Abuse Syndrome", with hypertension symptoms
- Oral Ginseng and Ginseng face cream can result in post-menopausal vaginal bleeding
- Not recommended during pregnancy or lactation due to the possibility of neonatal androgenization
- Caution should be taken when taking antidiabetic agents or insulin to lower blood glucose due to increased hypoglycemic effects
- Avoid taking Ginseng with phenelzine (MAOI) as it is also an MAOI with similar potential adverse effects
- Avoid taking Ginseng with antiplatelet agents or NSAIDs due to the antiplatelet effect of Ginseng
- Avoid with loop diuretics: Germanium, present in most Ginseng products, can cause nephrotoxicity in the same nephron segment where loop diuretics work
Camphor
- Camphor Tree (Cinnamomum camphora) is a traditional medicine used to treat cardiovascular conditions.
- Externally, it acts as a bronchial secretolytic and hyperemic agent
- Internally, it acts as a respiratory analeptic and bronchospasmolytic agent, but at a dosage considered toxic
- It has an antibacterial effect in vitro with cineol as the main active compound
- It is used externally in folk medicine to treat muscular rheumatism and cardiac symptoms
- It is also used internally in folk medicine to treat hypotonic circulatory regulation disorders, digestive complaints, and inflammation of respiratory tract mucous membranes
- It is approved by Commission E for the treatment of arrhythmia, cough/bronchitis, hypotension, nervous heart complaints, and rheumatism
Soybean
- Soybean (Glycine soja) is a source of protein and oil, and is used in traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular conditions
- Levothyroxine, a thyroid hormone replacement drug, can interact with soybean and reduce its absorption
- Soybean isoflavones can inhibit the activity of thyroid peroxidase, an enzyme required for thyroid hormone synthesis
- It is approved by Commission E for the treatment of raised cholesterol levels
- It is used in folk medicine to treat liver and gallbladder complaints, anemia, poor concentration, cerebral and nerve conditions, and general debility
Horse Chestnut
- Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) produces hydroxycoumarin, which can improve venous tone by inhibiting leukocyte activation
- Aescin, a substance found in Horse Chestnut, is thought to decrease vascular leakage by inhibiting elastase and hyaluronase.
- It is used to treat chronic venous insufficiency (CVI).
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Description
This quiz explores the benefits and uses of Hawthorn and Garlic in treating cardiovascular conditions. Learn about their medicinal properties, contraindications, and interactions with other medications. Test your knowledge on these powerful herbal remedies.
