Herbal Medicine and Pharmacology Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a clinical sign of drug toxicity when a patient is administered magnesium sulfate?

Elevated heart rate

Absent patellar reflex (correct)

Increased respiratory rate

Increased blood pressure

What should be immediately available at the bedside for a patient on magnesium sulfate?

Aspirin

Calcium gluconate (correct)

Sodium bicarbonate

Potassium chloride

What action should be taken if a patient has multiple food allergies?

Provide an allergy questionnaire

Ask for a skin test for all medications

Consult a dietitian

Inform the doctor about the allergies (correct)

What is not a sign of drug toxicity in patients receiving magnesium sulfate?

Increased heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which patient group is most commonly monitored for magnesium sulfate toxicity?

Pregnant women with hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse observe for when dealing with drug administration in patients?

Potential adverse reactions Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug allergy requires a skin test, especially for intravenous drugs?

Immunologic reactions Signup and view all the answers

In adjusting medication for allergy management, what is crucial to ask the patient?

Known allergies to other medications Signup and view all the answers

What action is indicated if a patient shows signs of magnesium sulfate toxicity?

Prepare to administer calcium gluconate Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction is considered a hypersensitivity to drugs?

Skin rash or urticaria Signup and view all the answers

Which intramuscular site is recommended for infants under 1 year old?

Vastus lateralis Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when administering sustained-action medication?

Crushing and mixing with water Signup and view all the answers

Which instruction is appropriate before administering ophthalmic medication?

Look up Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when using the deltoid muscle for intramuscular injections?

It is closely associated with the radial nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medication should be administered without crushing?

Enteric coated tablets Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Mechanical of Action (MOA)' refer to?

The biochemical interaction through which a drug produces its effects. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Eber’s Papyrus in herbal medicine?

It details various medicinal plants and their applications in ancient Egypt. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a therapeutic effect?

The intended outcome of a medication. Signup and view all the answers

What are drug informatics primarily concerned with?

The management and information about medication usage. Signup and view all the answers

The generic or nonproprietary name of a drug is approved by which entity?

The medical or pharmaceutical community. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of pharmacology, what does 'drug action' describe?

The effect of a drug on a living organism's biochemistry. Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of a primary effect intended from an antibiotic?

To slow down bacterial growth. Signup and view all the answers

What does pharmacokinetics study?

How a drug is absorbed, distributed, and eliminated in the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of drug administration?

To diagnose and treat diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of drug order?

Recreational Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the physician's signature on a drug order?

It is a form of legal protection for the nurse Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios describes a 'PRN' medication order?

A medication given only when the patient has a specific symptom Signup and view all the answers

When should a registered nurse (RN) clarify a medication order?

When they are uncertain about the calculation Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'standing medication order' refer to?

Maintenance medications taken for several days Signup and view all the answers

What should an RN do if the medication order is illegible?

Question or clarify the order Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical action for a nurse regarding medication administration timing?

Medication should not be administered late or skipped Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following illustrates effective nursing practice when managing drug administration?

Withholding medication based on nursing assessment or lab results Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a patient’s temperature is below 38.5°C?

Record the temperature but give no medication Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of checking the client identification bracelet before administering medication?

To ensure the correct patient is receiving the drug Signup and view all the answers

How often should evaluation of medication effectiveness occur according to the provided information?

Every 6 hours Signup and view all the answers

What should be done in case a client does not have an identification bracelet?

Confirm their identity by asking their name Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes 'right client education' in medication administration?

Informing the client about possible side effects and purpose of the medication Signup and view all the answers

When administering medication, what is NOT an acceptable way to identify the client?

Calling out the client's name loudly Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a client who seems unable to respond, what action should a nurse take?

Use alternative methods for identity verification Signup and view all the answers

What does HS stand for in the context of medication administration?

Hour of sleep Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when administering medication to clients who answer to any name?

Identifying the right client can be challenging Signup and view all the answers

What must be observed before establishing the 'right client' for medication administration?

The first five rights of medication administration Signup and view all the answers

If a client is unable to state their name, what is the preferred approach to ensure correct identification?

Utilize alternative identification methods to confirm the client's identity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Herbal Medicine and Historical Context

Molecular arrangement of atoms governs the structure of molecules and chemical bonds.
Chinese herbal medicine: Pen Tsao is a comprehensive 40-volume herbal compendium dating back to 2700 B.C.
Herbal plants have long been utilized for treating illnesses, a practice that continues today.
Egyptian herbal practices: The Eber's Papyrus from 1500 B.C. details various remedies, anatomy, and diseases affecting plants and animals.
Example of herbal remedy: Aloe vera is used for treating burns and skin issues.

Pharmacological Concepts

Mechanism of Action (MOA): Refers to the specific biochemical interactions by which a drug exerts its effects, targeting enzymes or receptors.
Mode of Action (MoA): Describes physiological changes in organisms due to exposure to substances.
Drug Information: Encompasses all aspects of medication management, from identification to pharmacokinetics and dosage.

Drug Administration Principles

Therapeutic Effect: Desired primary effects of medications, impacting conditions such as bacterial infections.
Drug dosage specifics: Dosage may vary based on various factors, including patient health and response.
Drug Allergy: Immunologic reactions to drugs, necessitating skin tests and thorough allergy histories.

Philippine Drug Regulation

Republic Act No. 9165: Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, overseen by the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA).
Common illegal drugs: Methamphetamine (shabu) and marijuana.
Categories of Drug Orders: Include standing orders, one-time doses, and as-needed (PRN) medications.

Nursing Responsibilities in Medication Administration

Nurses must verify calculations and drug orders, ensuring clarity and legibility.
Medications must not be left at patients' bedside to prevent accidental administration.
Evaluate medication effectiveness based on patient responses and observations.

Rights of Medication Administration

Right Patient: Verify patient identity using identification wristbands or by asking the patient to state their name.
Right Drug: Confirm appropriate medication, dosage, and administration route.
Right Time: Administer medications as scheduled, adjusting for specific clinical situations.

Patient Medication Education

Instructions for tablets/capsules: Crush and mix with a small amount of water if swallowing is difficult.
Liquid Medication: Mix thoroughly and measure at eye level using meniscus readings.

Injection Sites for Medication

Intramuscular Sites:
- Ventrogluteal: Preferred for adults and older children, avoiding major nerves and blood vessels.
- Vastus Lateralis: Suitable for infants and small children; lacks extensive tissue development.
- Deltoid: Quick absorption; recommended for vaccines, administer no more than 1 mL.
- Rectus Femoris: Can be self-administered but may cause discomfort.

Administration of Ophthalmic and Otic Medications

Ophthalmic Medications: Clean eyelid from inner to outer before application, instruct to look up, and apply medication in the conjunctival sac.
Otic Medications: Clean ear canal, warm medication, straighten the auditory canal before administration.

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Description

Explore the historical roots and pharmacological concepts of herbal medicine. This quiz covers ancient practices like Chinese herbalism and Egyptian remedies, alongside modern drug mechanisms and administration techniques. Test your knowledge on the synergy between traditional herbal remedies and contemporary pharmacology.