Hepatotoxicity and Liver Function

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What is the primary function of the liver in relation to xenobiotics?

First pass metabolism

Site for toxication by metabolism (correct)

Storage of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes

Biosynthesis of xenobiotics

What is the consequence of enterohepatic circulation in the liver?

Increased detoxication of xenobiotics

Decreased bile flow

Enhanced biosynthesis of nutrients

Increased hepatotoxicity (correct)

Which of the following is a characteristic of cirrhosis?

Deposition of collagen fibers throughout the liver (correct)

Inflammation of the liver

Lipid peroxidation in the liver

Suppression of bile flow

What is the cause of hepatitis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What type of agents can cause liver injury through oxidative stress?

Cytotoxic agents Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following environmental agents is NOT a cause of liver injury?

Healthy food Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cholestasis on the liver?

Suppression or blockage of bile flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of metabolism for xenobiotics in the body?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of alkylating agents on the gonadal function?

Destruction of primordial follicles Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hydroxyflutamide on fetal development?

Inhibition of fetal development Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of smoking on the age of spontaneous menopause?

Decreases the age of spontaneous menopause Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of Tamoxifen in inhibiting implantation of the embryo?

Suppression of uterine endometrium induction Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ovarian effects on hormone levels?

Abnormal hormone levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of alkylating agents on DNA?

Formation of DNA conjugates Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of general reproductive toxicants on fetal development?

Inhibition of fetal development Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of PAHs on reproduction?

Inhibition of reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of acetylcholinesterase in the nervous system?

To break down acetylcholine into choline and acetate Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of parathion on acetylcholinesterase activity?

It inhibits the activity of acetylcholinesterase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary manifestation of anticholinergic poisoning?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the plant from which the herbal tea 'Paraguay tea' is derived?

Ilex paraguariensis Signup and view all the answers

In the case study, what was the time frame in which the manifestations of anticholinergic poisoning occurred?

Within 2 hours after drinking the tea Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the neurotransmitter that is responsible for physiological transmission of nerve impulses across the synapse?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibition on the level and duration of action of acetylcholine?

It increases the level and duration of action of acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which parathion exerts its toxic effects?

By inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which fluoroacetate interferes with aerobic metabolism in the heart?

Disruption of the TCA cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following toxicants can cause acidosis and hyperkalemia, leading to alterations in myocardial conduction?

Ethylene glycol Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of halogenated hydrocarbons on the myocardium?

Suppression of the SA node Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following toxicants can replace calcium in slow-current channels and alter the efflux of potassium from myocardial cells?

Barium Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the inhibition of the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism in the myocardium?

Increased refractory period of the AV node Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following toxicants can cause myocardial necrosis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of dinitrophenols on the heart?

Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following toxicants can disrupt oxidative phosphorylation?

Rotenone and antimycin A Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of toxicants that alter cell membrane function on cardiac contraction?

Increased intracellular calcium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following toxicants selectively blocks sodium channels?

Tetrodotoxin Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of gossypol on potassium transport?

Hyperkalemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following toxicants causes oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in myocardium?

Ethanol Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of toxicants that bind to phospholipids on cardiac contraction?

Hyperkalemia Signup and view all the answers

Hepatotoxicity and Liver Function

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the liver in relation to xenobiotics?

What is the consequence of enterohepatic circulation in the liver?

Which of the following is a characteristic of cirrhosis?

What is the cause of hepatitis?

What type of agents can cause liver injury through oxidative stress?

Which of the following environmental agents is NOT a cause of liver injury?

What is the effect of cholestasis on the liver?

What is the primary site of metabolism for xenobiotics in the body?

What is the effect of alkylating agents on the gonadal function?

What is the effect of hydroxyflutamide on fetal development?

What is the effect of smoking on the age of spontaneous menopause?

What is the mechanism of Tamoxifen in inhibiting implantation of the embryo?

What is the effect of ovarian effects on hormone levels?

What is the effect of alkylating agents on DNA?

What is the effect of general reproductive toxicants on fetal development?

What is the effect of PAHs on reproduction?

What is the primary function of acetylcholinesterase in the nervous system?

What is the effect of parathion on acetylcholinesterase activity?

What is the primary manifestation of anticholinergic poisoning?

What is the name of the plant from which the herbal tea 'Paraguay tea' is derived?

In the case study, what was the time frame in which the manifestations of anticholinergic poisoning occurred?

What is the name of the neurotransmitter that is responsible for physiological transmission of nerve impulses across the synapse?

What is the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibition on the level and duration of action of acetylcholine?

What is the primary mechanism by which parathion exerts its toxic effects?

What is the primary mechanism by which fluoroacetate interferes with aerobic metabolism in the heart?

Which of the following toxicants can cause acidosis and hyperkalemia, leading to alterations in myocardial conduction?

What is the effect of halogenated hydrocarbons on the myocardium?

Which of the following toxicants can replace calcium in slow-current channels and alter the efflux of potassium from myocardial cells?

What is the result of the inhibition of the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism in the myocardium?

Which of the following toxicants can cause myocardial necrosis?

What is the effect of dinitrophenols on the heart?

Which of the following toxicants can disrupt oxidative phosphorylation?

What is the effect of toxicants that alter cell membrane function on cardiac contraction?

Which of the following toxicants selectively blocks sodium channels?

What is the effect of gossypol on potassium transport?

Which of the following toxicants causes oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in myocardium?

What is the effect of toxicants that bind to phospholipids on cardiac contraction?

Which of the following toxicants causes sarcolemmal injury and calcium alterations?

What is the effect of tetrodotoxin on cardiac contraction?

Which of the following is an example of an endogenous catecholamine?

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