Hepatology Disorders and Dental Impact
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Hepatology Disorders and Dental Impact

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Questions and Answers

Which group is at higher risk for hepatitis infections?

  • Healthcare workers (correct)
  • Non-smokers
  • Office workers
  • Vegetarians

    • What is the incubation period for hepatitis E virus?

  • 60-120 days
  • 1-14 days
  • 2-10 weeks
  • 15-64 days (correct)

    • What characterizes the preicteric phase of viral hepatitis?

  • Disappearance of symptoms
  • Development of hepatomegaly
  • Anorexia and fatigue (correct)
  • The appearance of jaundice

    • Which statement accurately describes the carrier state of hepatitis E?

    <p>No carrier state exists for hepatitis E.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended before dental treatment for patients at high risk for HBV infection?

    <p>Screening for HbsAg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done for patients with active hepatitis before dental treatment?

    <p>Consultation required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical feature during the icteric phase of viral hepatitis?

    <p>Hepatomegaly and jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be adhered to by dentists who are hepatitis virus carriers?

    <p>Professional ethics and practice guidelines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Hepatitis A virus?

    <p>Fecal-oral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus is responsible for Hepatitis B infection?

    <p>Double-stranded DNA virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk group for Hepatitis C virus infections?

    <p>Healthcare workers dealing with blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Hepatitis B infection is true?

    <p>Prophylaxis includes immunoglobulin and vaccine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period for Hepatitis C virus?

    <p>15-160 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of virus is Hepatitis D?

    <p>Defective RNA virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a risk group for Hepatitis A?

    <p>Individuals with chronic liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct regarding Hepatitis C?

    <p>It can be transmitted sexually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory values are important to monitor in patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD)?

    <p>AST, ALT, and prothrombin time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best description of liver cirrhosis?

    <p>Irreversible damage characterized by fibrosis and nodule formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is indicative of advanced Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD)?

    <p>Puffy face and unexplained injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should a dentist take regarding HBsAg status?

    <p>Periodically test to monitor status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common diagnostic indicator of liver cirrhosis?

    <p>Enlarged spleen and liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of Alcoholic Liver Disease is considered reversible?

    <p>Fatty liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration for surgical procedures in patients with abnormal laboratory values?

    <p>Administering fresh frozen plasma if necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided in patients with liver problems?

    <p>Drugs metabolized by the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary symptom of jaundice?

    <p>Yellow coloration of skin &amp; sclera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may indicate hepatic jaundice?

    <p>History of alcohol abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which investigation is NOT recommended for a patient with jaundice?

    <p>Electrocardiogram (ECG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may occur in the oral mucosa of patients with jaundice?

    <p>Yellow coloration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a common cause of ascites?

    <p>Liver cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign of liver failure?

    <p>Frequent headaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication during dental treatment for patients with jaundice?

    <p>Postoperative haemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which investigation is commonly used to detect gallstones?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gold standard for diagnosing cirrhosis?

    <p>Liver biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common oral manifestation in patients with liver cirrhosis?

    <p>Jaundice of the oral mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided in patients with liver cirrhosis?

    <p>Hepatotoxic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with liver cancer?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes jaundice to be clinically visible?

    <p>Bilirubin levels exceed 3 mg/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of cholestatic jaundice?

    <p>Biliary obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could lead to prehepatic jaundice?

    <p>Sickle cell disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly recommended for patients with end-stage liver cirrhosis?

    <p>Liver transplant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning Objectives

    • Understand epidemiology, manifestations, complications, and management of hepatology disorders affecting dentistry.
    • Develop skills to interpret clinical manifestations and investigations to create reasonable diagnosis and evidence-based management plans.
    • Recognize emergency situations in patients with hepatology disorders to ensure proper management and homeostasis.

    Liver Diseases of Dental Interest

    Viral Hepatitis

    • Inflammation of the liver caused by viruses leading to acute or chronic forms.
    • Types include Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, plus other viruses like EBV and HSV.
    • Hepatitis A: RNA virus transmitted via the faecal-oral route with no carrier state; 15-50 days incubation; lifelong immunity after infection.
    • Hepatitis B: DNA virus transmitted sexually, percutaneously, and perinatally; 30-180 days incubation; carries a state; lifelong immunity with vaccination.
    • Hepatitis C: RNA virus spread percutaneously; 15-160 days incubation; high carrier rate (50-80%); no vaccine available.
    • Hepatitis D: Defective RNA virus needing Hepatitis B to infect; similar risk groups and incubation as B.
    • Hepatitis E: Defective RNA virus spread through faecal-oral route; 15-64 days incubation; no carrier state or prophylaxis.
    • Clinical features include flu-like symptoms, jaundice, abdominal pain, and hepatomegaly. Post recovery hepatomegaly may persist for months.
    • In dentistry, jaundice of the mucosa is observable during the icteric phase; precautions are vital as all patients are potentially infectious.

    Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD)

    • Resulting from chronic alcohol abuse, manifesting as fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, or cirrhosis.
    • Symptoms include jaundice, ascites, and various neurological signs like slurred speech or memory issues.
    • Diagnosis involves history-taking, clinical examination, and specific laboratory tests.
    • Dental care requires physician consultation, avoidance of hepatotoxic drugs, and attention to potential bleeding issues.

    Liver Cirrhosis

    • Chronic liver disease characterized by fibrosis and the formation of nodules leading to loss of function; often irreversible.
    • Common causes: viral infections (HBV, HCV), alcohol, drug-induced liver injury.
    • Symptoms include jaundice, ascites, and signs of liver failure such as spider nevi and oedema.
    • Diagnosis confirmed through liver biopsy and blood tests; management focuses on treating complications and potential liver transplant.

    Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma)

    • Malignancy of the liver, often linked to chronic HBV or HCV infections, or cirrhosis.
    • Symptoms: abdominal pain, weight loss, ascites, jaundice; notable male to female ratio of 3:1.
    • Diagnosis involves liver biopsy and alpha-fetoprotein levels; management typically requires surgical intervention or chemotherapy.

    Jaundice

    • Yellow discoloration from elevated bilirubin levels; categorized into prehepatic, hepatic, and cholestatic jaundice.
    • Symptoms include yellowing of skin and sclera with varying underlying causes such as liver disease or biliary obstruction.
    • Clinical signs include spider nevi, ascites, and bleeding tendencies; in the dental context, awareness of bleeding risks and infectious controls is crucial.

    Ascites

    • Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity linked primarily to liver cirrhosis, but also other conditions like cardiac failure.
    • Symptoms include abdominal discomfort, increasing girth, and potential shortness of breath.
    • No specific oral manifestations; however, dental treatment considerations must include the patient’s overall health and potential need for consultations.

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    Related Documents

    Hepatology PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the epidemiology, manifestations, complications, and management of hepatology disorders that affect dental health. Participants will interpret clinical manifestations and investigations to form reasonable diagnoses and apply evidence-based management plans. Perfect for those in internal medicine and dental fields.

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