Hepatology and Liver Diseases Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason why Hepatitis C virus cannot integrate into our genome?

  • It is a DNA virus
  • It lacks the necessary enzymes for integration
  • It replicates extracellularly only
  • It has a single strand of RNA (correct)
  • Which component of the Hepatitis C virus is cleaved to form structural components like core and envelope proteins?

  • Amino acid protein chain (correct)
  • RNA genome
  • Viral envelope
  • Non-structural proteins
  • What is the significance of genotypes in Hepatitis C virology?

  • They determine the host immune response
  • They affect the rate of viral replication
  • They influence the choice of antiviral therapy (correct)
  • They determine viral shedding duration
  • What symptoms might an individual with acute HCV infection present with?

    <p>Jaundice, dark urine, and clay-colored stools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At approximately what time after exposure to HCV do liver enzyme elevations typically occur?

    <p>6-8 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients exposed to HCV develop chronic infection?

    <p>&gt;75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many years of infection does it take for about 16-20% of individuals with chronic HCV infection to develop cirrhosis?

    <p>~20 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average yearly risk of hepatic decompensation after cirrhosis in patients with HCV infection?

    <p>~5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which geographic area do genotypes 1a and 1b predominate according to common subtype testing?

    <p>USA and Western Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is used as a marker of immune response to the hepatitis B virus?

    <p>HBV Core Antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of HBV e Antigen indicate in a patient?

    <p>Active infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high HBV DNA viral load indicate?

    <p>Active infection with high replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In individuals undergoing immune suppression, what may put them at risk for rapid progression of liver disease?

    <p>Previous exposure to HBV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody is typically seen in the recovery phase of natural hepatitis B infection?

    <p>HBV e Antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of Core IgM suggest in terms of hepatitis B infection?

    <p>Re-activation of viral replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to monitor the state of hepatitis B infection and determine the need for therapy based on liver enzyme levels?

    <p>APRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Not everyone living with HBV requires therapy immediately" - Which criteria are typically used to determine the need for immediate therapy in HBV patients?

    <p>[APRI] elevations or Fibroscan score elevations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In adults, what percentage may have symptomatic acute infection?

    <p>23%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does HBV Surface Antigen (HBS Ag) signify?

    <p>Active infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of individuals exposed to HCV who will develop antibodies by 6 months after exposure?

    <p>100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals may experience false negatives in HCV antibody testing?

    <p>Transplant recipients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lower limit of quantification for detecting the HCV virus using RNA PCR?

    <p>&lt; 12 IU/mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test should be ordered for individuals with detectable HCV RNA?

    <p>Hepatitis B serology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does SVR stand for in the context of HCV therapy?

    <p>Sustained Virologic Response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered when determining eligibility for HCV therapy?

    <p>History of alcohol intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does APRI > 2 indicate in terms of liver disease?

    <p>Cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of DAA agents targets the NS5B polymerase?

    <p>NS5B Inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hepatitis B can form a minichromosome within the nucleus' - Which structure enables this process?

    Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of HBV therapy?

    <p>To achieve long-term virologic suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a first-line therapy for HBV due to its high potency?

    <p>Tenofovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals develop resistance to Lamivudine by 5 years of treatment?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which HBV therapy can overcome some Lamivudine resistance?

    <p>Entecavir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the success of antiviral therapy in HBV treatment typically monitored?

    <p>By following HBV DNA (viral load) values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viral marker indicates seroconversion in HBV treatment?

    <p>Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mainstay for global HBV prevention?

    <p>Hepatitis B vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which vaccine is synthetic hepatitis B surface antigen used?

    <p>'DTaP-HB-IPV-Hib'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Immunity defined as HBSAb titre > 10 IU/mL' implies what regarding HBV vaccination?

    <p>'Immunity after vaccination is lifelong'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Those with immune compromise may need higher dose vaccine or more frequent dosing.' This statement applies to individuals with which conditions?

    <p>'HIV'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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