Hepatocytes Swelling and Necrosis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of hepatocyte swelling or hydropic change?

  • Excessive production of heme leading to accumulation of bilirubin
  • Lytic necrosis leading to hepatocyte swelling and rupture
  • Impaired bile flow causing obstructive jaundice
  • Abnormality in the potassium-sodium pump leading to water retention (correct)

Which type of jaundice is characterized by the accumulation of bilirubin in the brain, causing neurological complications?

  • Unconjugated bilirubin jaundice
  • Conjugated bilirubin jaundice
  • Obstructive jaundice
  • Kernicterus (correct)

Which of the following is a characteristic of conjugated bilirubin?

  • Cannot be excreted in urine
  • Free form is toxic
  • Water-insoluble and tightly complexed to serum albumin
  • Water-soluble and loosely bound to serum albumin (correct)

Which of the following liver function tests specifically measures the level of conjugated bilirubin?

<p>Direct bilirubin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of necrosis is characterized by poorly staining, mummified hepatocytes?

<p>Coagulative necrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which liver function test is used to assess the integrity of hepatocytes?

<p>AST (SGOT) and ALT (SGPT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mentioned in the text?

<p>Presence of bile pigment and hyaline inclusions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the BEST predictor of prognosis for individuals with HCC?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the median survival time for individuals with HCC, as mentioned in the text?

<p>7 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the BEST way to prevent HCC in regions endemic for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, according to the text?

<p>A comprehensive anti-HBV immunization program (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MAIN difference between HCC and extrahepatic spread, as mentioned in the text?

<p>HCC has a higher and earlier extrahepatic spread compared to extrahepatic spread (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MAIN cause of death in individuals with HCC?

<p>Profound cachexia (muscle wasting syndrome) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is present in the biliary epithelium?

<p>Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic complication of cholestasis?

<p>Malabsorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which liver function test is specifically mentioned to increase in levels affecting the central nervous system?

<p>Ammonia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a histological feature of liver cirrhosis?

<p>Portal tract fibrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of liver injury leads to hepatocyte swelling and foamy degeneration?

<p>Cholestasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication associated with cholestasis?

<p>Skin xanthomas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of parenchymal nodules?

<p>Diabetes mellitus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of cases of cryptogenic cirrhosis?

<p>10% to 15% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT involved in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis?

<p>Increased production of alpha-fetoprotein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of micronodular cirrhosis?

<p>Nodules and scars of uniform size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical feature of cirrhosis?

<p>Peripheral edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of macronodular cirrhosis?

<p>Nodules and scars of variable size (&gt; 3mm) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common gross appearance of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma?

<p>Single, large, hard 'scirrhous' mass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant microscopic feature that distinguishes hepatocellular carcinoma from normal liver tissue?

<p>Loss of reticulin staining (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical microscopic appearance of cholangiocarcinoma?

<p>Highly atypical cells lining glands and tubules with abundant desmoplastic stroma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma?

<p>Groups of well-differentiated oncocytic cells separated by lamellae of dense collagen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common gross appearance of a typical hepatocellular carcinoma?

<p>Unifocal, massive neoplasm replacing most of the right hepatic lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a microscopic feature of hepatocellular carcinoma?

<p>Glands and tubules lined by highly atypical cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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