Hepatocytes Swelling and Necrosis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of hepatocyte swelling or hydropic change?

  • Excessive production of heme leading to accumulation of bilirubin
  • Lytic necrosis leading to hepatocyte swelling and rupture
  • Impaired bile flow causing obstructive jaundice
  • Abnormality in the potassium-sodium pump leading to water retention (correct)

    • Which type of jaundice is characterized by the accumulation of bilirubin in the brain, causing neurological complications?

  • Unconjugated bilirubin jaundice
  • Conjugated bilirubin jaundice
  • Obstructive jaundice
  • Kernicterus (correct)

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of conjugated bilirubin?

  • Cannot be excreted in urine
  • Free form is toxic
  • Water-insoluble and tightly complexed to serum albumin
  • Water-soluble and loosely bound to serum albumin (correct)

    • Which of the following liver function tests specifically measures the level of conjugated bilirubin?

    <p>Direct bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of necrosis is characterized by poorly staining, mummified hepatocytes?

    <p>Coagulative necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which liver function test is used to assess the integrity of hepatocytes?

    <p>AST (SGOT) and ALT (SGPT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mentioned in the text?

    <p>Presence of bile pigment and hyaline inclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the BEST predictor of prognosis for individuals with HCC?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the median survival time for individuals with HCC, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>7 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the BEST way to prevent HCC in regions endemic for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, according to the text?

    <p>A comprehensive anti-HBV immunization program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MAIN difference between HCC and extrahepatic spread, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>HCC has a higher and earlier extrahepatic spread compared to extrahepatic spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MAIN cause of death in individuals with HCC?

    <p>Profound cachexia (muscle wasting syndrome)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is present in the biliary epithelium?

    <p>Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic complication of cholestasis?

    <p>Malabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which liver function test is specifically mentioned to increase in levels affecting the central nervous system?

    <p>Ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a histological feature of liver cirrhosis?

    <p>Portal tract fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of liver injury leads to hepatocyte swelling and foamy degeneration?

    <p>Cholestasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication associated with cholestasis?

    <p>Skin xanthomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of parenchymal nodules?

    <p>Diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of cases of cryptogenic cirrhosis?

    <p>10% to 15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT involved in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis?

    <p>Increased production of alpha-fetoprotein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of micronodular cirrhosis?

    <p>Nodules and scars of uniform size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical feature of cirrhosis?

    <p>Peripheral edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of macronodular cirrhosis?

    <p>Nodules and scars of variable size (&gt; 3mm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common gross appearance of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>Single, large, hard 'scirrhous' mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant microscopic feature that distinguishes hepatocellular carcinoma from normal liver tissue?

    <p>Loss of reticulin staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical microscopic appearance of cholangiocarcinoma?

    <p>Highly atypical cells lining glands and tubules with abundant desmoplastic stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>Groups of well-differentiated oncocytic cells separated by lamellae of dense collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common gross appearance of a typical hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>Unifocal, massive neoplasm replacing most of the right hepatic lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a microscopic feature of hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>Glands and tubules lined by highly atypical cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

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