5 Questions
Which organelle is primarily responsible for the excretion of bilirubin into the bile canaliculi?
Multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2)
Which enzyme is primarily involved in the metabolism of ethanol in the liver?
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
In the context of liver function tests, what does an increase in urobilinogen in urine indicate?
Hemolysis and defective liver function
Which of the following enzymes is typically elevated in the first stage of alcoholic liver disease (fatty liver)?
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)
Which of the following is a characteristic of the final stage of alcoholic liver disease (alcoholic cirrhosis)?
Decreased albumin levels and edema
Study Notes
- Dubin-Johnson syndrome is characterized by deficiency in MRP2, leading to the inability to excrete conjugated bilirubin in canaliculi, resulting in the formation of δ-bilirubin which binds to albumin. This condition has a good prognosis and is considered a mild disease.
- Alcoholic cirrhosis results from overwhelming hepatocytes due to ethanol metabolism, with stages including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and final cirrhosis marked by complications like edema and GI bleeding.
- Liver function tests for bilirubin assessment can be done using the Diazo method with sulfanilic acid, while urobilinogen levels can be measured in stool or urine using DMAB, indicating hemolysis or liver function abnormalities.
- The liver carries out essential functions like metabolism, excretion, and secretion through organelles such as Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, and ER, involved in various metabolic processes and detoxification.
- Bile formation is crucial for emulsifying fats for absorption, excreting excess fat/cholesterol, facilitating vitamin absorption, and bilirubin metabolism. The liver stores and metabolizes molecules like glycogen, iron, fatty acids, and plays a key role in glucose, TG, PL synthesis, hormone synthesis, and bile acid formation.
Test your knowledge on the organelles involved in hepatocyte functions such as metabolism, excretion, and secretion. Learn about the roles of Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum in hepatocytes.
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