Hepatitis Viruses Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which hepatitis virus is classified as a picornavirus?

  • HCV
  • HAV (correct)
  • HBV
  • HDV

What is the primary mode of transmission for Hepatitis B virus (HBV)?

  • Fecal-oral route
  • Parenterally, sexually, and perinatally (correct)
  • Respiratory droplets
  • Contaminated food

Which of the following hepatitis viruses requires a helper virus for its replication?

  • HCV
  • HAV
  • HDV (correct)
  • HEV

Which hepatitis virus is most likely to cause chronic disease?

<p>HCV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hepatitis virus is associated with an increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?

<p>HBV and HCV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of genome does the Hepatitis C virus possess?

<p>RNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV)?

<p>It has a helical capsid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is associated with the Hepatitis B virus and is responsible for converting RNA to DNA within the nucleocapsid?

<p>Reverse transcriptase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hepatitis virus is classified under the Hepeviridae family?

<p>HEV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic shared by all hepatitis viruses regarding cellular tropism?

<p>They replicate in hepatocytes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the HBsAg found on the surface of HBV?

<p>To serve as the attachment point to hepatocytes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with acute viral hepatitis?

<p>Persistent infection with ongoing damage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main route of Hepatitis B virus infections in industrialized countries?

<p>Sexual transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the process of HBV virion release from an infected cell?

<p>Endocytosis through the endoplasmic reticulum membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pgRNA in the HBV lifecycle?

<p>It serves as the template for ssDNA synthesis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the effect of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) on liver cells?

<p>Slowly replicates without directly damaging cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is HBV not considered to be directly cytolytic?

<p>Because it does not directly cause cell lysis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of Hepatitis A infection?

<p>It resolves completely with long-lasting protective immunity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of diagnosis for an acute Hepatitis A virus infection?

<p>Detection of anti-HAV IgM in serum. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of the HBV capsid?

<p>HBcAg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is prophylaxis with immune serum globulin most effective in preventing Hepatitis A?

<p>By providing antibodies before or early in the incubation period. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family does Hepatitis A virus (HAV) belong to?

<p>Picornaviridae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the genome of the Hepatitis A virus (HAV)?

<p>Monopartite, linear ssRNA (+) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hepatitis Viruses

Hepatitis viruses are a group of viruses that cause inflammation of the liver. They are grouped based on their structure, mode of replication, and how they are transmitted.

Hepatitis A (HAV)

HAV is a picornavirus, a type of virus with RNA as its genetic material. It spreads through the fecal-oral route (contaminated food or water). It typically causes acute (short-term) hepatitis, but rarely leads to death.

Hepatitis B (HBV)

HBV is a hepadnavirus. It is a DNA virus that spreads via contaminated blood or needles, sexual contact, or from mother to baby during birth. It can cause chronic (long-term) hepatitis in 5-10% of people, which can increase the risk for liver cancer.

Hepatitis C (HCV)

HCV is a flavivirus with an RNA genome. It spreads through the same ways as HBV (blood, needles, sexual contact, mother to baby). It is more likely to cause chronic hepatitis compared to HAV and can lead to liver cancer.

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Hepatitis D (HDV)

HDV is a special type of virus that needs HBV to replicate. It's like a 'parasite' of HBV. HDV only occurs in people who already have HBV infection and can make their hepatitis more serious.

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Hepatitis E (HEV)

HEV is an enterovirus, similar to HAV, that causes acute hepatitis. It is spread through contaminated food or water. HEV is typically less serious than other hepatitis viruses.

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Hepatotropic Viruses

Hepatitis viruses target liver cells, called hepatocytes. They bind to the hepatocytes and replicate inside them, creating an inflammatory response in the liver.

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Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver. It can cause a range of symptoms, from mild fatigue to severe liver failure. Hepatitis can be acute or chronic, depending on the virus and individual factors.

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Chronic Hepatitis

A type of hepatitis characterized by persistent infection, leading to liver damage.

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Fulminant Hepatitis

A rare, severe form of hepatitis where the liver cells are extensively damaged.

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Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)

The virus responsible for hepatitis A, belonging to the family Picornaviridae.

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Acid Resistance

The ability of a virus to survive under acidic conditions.

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ssRNA (+) Genomes

A single-stranded RNA molecule that contains the genetic information of a virus.

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Anthroponosis

A type of infection that spreads from an infected person to another.

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Incubation Period

The period between exposure to a virus and the onset of symptoms.

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Long Lasting Protective Immunity

A form of immunity achieved after recovering from a disease or through vaccination, offering protection from future infections.

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What viral family does HBV belong to?

HBV, a member of the HepaDNAviridae family, is a partially double-stranded DNA virus with a circular genome.

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What type of genome does HBV have?

HBV's circular genome is partially double-stranded DNA.

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What protein makes up the capsid of HBV?

HBV is enclosed in an icosahedral capsid composed of the HBcAg protein.

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Is HBV enveloped or non-enveloped?

HBV is an enveloped virus, meaning it has a lipid bilayer surrounding its capsid.

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What antigen is found on the surface of HBV?

HBsAg is a surface antigen found on the envelope of HBV.

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What enzyme does HBV use for replication?

HBV's replication involves reverse transcriptase and ribonuclease H, enzymes typically found in retroviruses.

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How can HBV be transmitted?

HBV can be transmitted through various means, including parenteral contact (blood and blood products), sexual contact, and vertical transmission from mother to child.

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Is HBV directly cytolytic?

HBV infection doesn't directly kill liver cells (cytolytic), but it causes inflammation that can lead to liver damage.

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Study Notes

Hepatitis Viruses

  • Different viruses cause hepatitis, each with unique characteristics
  • Picornaviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Hepeviridae are families of hepatitis viruses.

Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)

  • Belonging to the Picornaviridae family, HAV is an enteric virus.
  • Spread by the fecal-oral route, resulting in acute liver disease.
  • HAV does not cause chronic infections.
  • Symptoms are typically mild and resolve without treatment.
  • Incubation period: 15-50 days.
  • Common signs and symptoms include jaundice, nausea, abdominal pain, fatigue, and fever.

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

  • HBV belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family.
  • Spread through blood and bodily fluids (sexual contact, parenteral exposure).
  • HBV is a DNA virus and can lead to chronic infection; this may cause liver cirrhosis & cancer.
  • It can cause chronic inflammation in the liver leading to serious complications.
  • Incubation period: 45 to 160 days.
  • The presence of HBV viral antigens or antibodies in serum specimens is confirmed using serological tests.
  • HBV can be prevented by vaccination.

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

  • HCV belongs to the Flaviviridae family.
  • Spread Primarily by blood or body fluids (injection drug use, blood transfusions).
  • HCV is an RNA virus, leading to a chronic infection (which can lead to liver cirrhosis & cancer).
  • Chronic HCV infections are common, and treatment options with antiviral drugs (DAAs) are available.
  • Incubation period: 15-150 days.
  • Symptoms and Signs: People with HCV infection often are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they can include: fever, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, clay-colored stool, and jaundice,
  • The presence of HCV viral antigens or antibodies in serum specimens is confirmed using serological tests.

Hepatitis D Virus (HDV)

  • HDV is a defective virus (or satellite virus); it requires a co-infection with HBV to become infectious.
  • HDV belongs to the Deltavirus family (of the genus Deltavirus).
  • HDV is spread via parenteral transmission.
  • HDV infection is likely to lead to complications in the liver.

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)

  • HEV belongs to the Hepeviridae family; it is an enteric virus.
  • HEV is spread by the fecal-oral route.
  • HEV infection is associated with acute hepatitis, and it's especially serious in pregnant women.
  • Symptoms are typically mild.

General Information Regarding Hepatitis Viruses

  • Hepatotropic means they primarily affect the liver
  • Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver
  • Liver damage is a major complication for any of these viral infections.
  • Diagnosis and Treatment is done based on several factors including a complete history of the patient, physical examination, relevant imaging tests, serological and other diagnostic tests.

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Related Documents

Hepatitis Viruses PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on various hepatitis viruses, including their classifications, transmission modes, and characteristics. This quiz covers essential details about Hepatitis A, B, C, and other related viruses, focusing on their genetic features and clinical implications.

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