Hepatitis Overview and Symptoms

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

Digestion of starches and fats

Absorption of nutrients into the blood (correct)

Production of digestive enzymes

Regulation of blood sugar levels

What are the three sections of the small intestine?

Ascending, Transverse, Descending

Gastric, Pyloric, Cardiac

Cecum, Colon, Rectum

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum (correct)

Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with colorectal cancer?

Bloody stools (correct)

Nausea and vomiting

Recurring migraines

Severe abdominal pain

What factors are known to contribute to the development of Crohn's disease?

Genetic factors and immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is a major cause of appendicitis?

Clogging by fecal matter or foreign bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the symptoms of gastritis?

Heartburn Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of the small intestine aid in nutrient absorption?

Large surface area due to microvilli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes stomach ulcers?

Erosions of the stomach lining Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Brunner’s glands in the small intestine?

Producing alkaline mucus Signup and view all the answers

What are common signs and symptoms of Crohn’s disease?

Abdominal pain and cramping Signup and view all the answers

How does Crohn’s disease typically affect the gastrointestinal tract?

It can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?

Digestion of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of appendicitis?

Obstruction of the appendix Signup and view all the answers

What is one suspected contributing factor to the development of Crohn’s disease?

Bacterial infections Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential symptom of colorectal cancer?

Changes in bowel habits Signup and view all the answers

What tissue changes can occur due to Crohn's disease?

Fibrosis in the submucosa layer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of hepatitis?

Viral infection Signup and view all the answers

What are common signs of hepatitis?

Jaundice and abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the gallbladder to eject bile?

Cholecystokinin hormone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of cholecystitis?

Recurring colicky pain in the right upper quadrant Signup and view all the answers

What are gallstones primarily composed of?

Solidified bile salts, phospholipids, and cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What role do acini cells in the pancreas play?

Exocrine secretion of digestive enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of overusing acetaminophen on the liver?

Liver inflammation or hepatitis Signup and view all the answers

Where is the gallbladder located?

Between the lobes of the liver Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is liver inflammation caused by infections (bacterial, viral, parasitic), alcohol abuse, drug abuse, and contaminated food.
Common signs include enlarged liver, jaundice (yellowing skin/eyes), abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weakness, and dark urine.

Gallbladder

Located between lobes of the liver in the right upper quadrant.
Functions to store bile; contracts under cholecystokinin to release bile into the small intestine for digesting fats.
Cholecystitis, the inflammation due to cystic duct blockage by gallstones, presents with recurring colicky pain in the right upper quadrant, possibly referred to the right scapula.

Gallstones

Formed from solidified bile salts, phospholipids, and cholesterol.

Pancreas

Situated posterior to the stomach, serving dual functions as an endocrine and exocrine gland.
Comprises approximately 99% acini cells for exocrine secretion and 1% islets of Langerhans for endocrine functions.
Acini cells secrete pancreatic lipase (fat breakdown) and pancreatic amylase (carbohydrate breakdown).

Stomach Diseases

Common diseases include gastritis, stomach ulcers, and stomach cancer.

Gastritis

Inflammation of the stomach lining caused by infections, medications, alcohol, stress, or spicy foods.
Symptoms: upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, and heartburn.

Stomach Ulcers

Erosions of the stomach lining, potentially leading to bleeding, often caused by Helicobacter pylori, excessive hydrochloric acid, smoking, alcohol, and chronic aspirin use.
Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, potential weight loss, and vomiting with possible blood (red or coffee grounds appearance).

Stomach Cancer

Exact causes are unknown, though stomach ulcers may contribute.
Symptoms: bloating, gas, abdominal pain, cramping, bloody stool, nausea, and vomiting.

Small Intestine

Muscular tube from the stomach to the large intestine’s cecum, primarily responsible for nutrient absorption.
Divided into three sections: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Contains microvilli for increased absorption surface area, Brunner’s glands for alkaline mucus secretion, and crypts of Licherkühn for digestive enzymes.

Disorders of the Small Intestine

Crohn’s disease (regional enteritis) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the mucosa, potentially leading to inflammation, ulceration, and intestinal stenosis.
Symptoms: abdominal pain, cramping, fever, diarrhea, weight loss, and decreased red blood cell production due to malabsorption.
Crohn's can affect any gastrointestinal area and has unknown causes, with possible familial and autoimmune links.

Large Intestine

Functions in water, ion, and vitamin absorption and feces formation, expelling waste materials.
Diseases include appendicitis, colorectal cancer, diverticulosis, hemorrhoids, and ulcerative colitis.

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Description

Explore the key aspects of hepatitis, a disease affecting the liver. This quiz covers its causes, symptoms, and the impact of various infections and substances on liver health. Test your knowledge about this important medical condition.