Hepatitis A and B Overview Quiz

<p>Transmitted through blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contaminated food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural killer cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The entire course of the illness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vaccination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease viral load and liver enzyme levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatic encephalopathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predicting disease outcomes and therapeutic interventions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>History of IV drug use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Entecavir (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatitis A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contaminated food or water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urine positive for bilirubin (A), Alkaline phosphatase 600 U/mL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A current infection with Hepatitis A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antiviral medication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HBeAg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilirubin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatigue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastrointestinal contact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1-4 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver cirrhosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jaundice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of bilirubin in the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gradual improvement with lingering fatigue and potential hepatomegaly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No specific treatment or therapy exists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5%-50% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HIV infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess for chronic HCV infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genotype of HCV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A potential for chronic HCV disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify the specific treatment needed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow the body to focus on fighting the infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Within one month of the first dose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>95% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2500-3000 mL/day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wash hands frequently (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Well-balanced diet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bland diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Outpatient care provided to patients who do not require hospitalization.

Inflammation of the liver caused by the Hepatitis A virus, typically transmitted through fecal-oral route.

Methods taught to patients to avoid spreading Hepatitis A, including hygiene and food handling.

The time between exposure to the virus and the onset of symptoms, averaging 28 days.

Most infectious two weeks before symptoms appear and one to two weeks after symptoms start.

Transmission sources include poor hygiene, contaminated food, and crowded conditions.

Teaching patients about administering interferon and understanding its side effects.

Maintaining adequate food and fluid intake to support liver function during Hepatitis.

Acute hepatitis is short-term, while chronic persists for 6 months or more.

Can be asymptomatic in 30% of cases; maximal infectivity occurs during this phase.

Includes fulminant hepatic failure, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Show significant abnormalities indicative of liver damage.

At least 8 different types (A to H) used to predict disease outcomes.

Includes well-balanced diet, vitamin supplements, rest, and avoiding liver toxins.

Include Pegylated α-interferon, Entecavir, and Tenofovir to reduce viral load and liver damage.

Enlargement of the liver, often due to disease.

Enlargement of the spleen, can indicate infection.

Urine that appears yellow due to bilirubin.

Antibody indicating recent Hepatitis A infection.

Includes HBsAg, anti-HBs, and more for diagnosing HBV.

Emphasizes a balanced diet and vitamin supplements.

Spread through contaminated food or water.

The second dose of HBV vaccine should be given within one month of the first, and the third dose six months after the second.

The HBV vaccine is effective in 95% of cases.

HBV vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) are used for post-exposure prophylaxis.

Assessing for the presence and degree of jaundice is important in hepatitis patients.

Patients should eat small, frequent meals to avoid nausea and ensure nutrition.

Patients with hepatitis should maintain a fluid intake of 2500-3000 mL/day.

Patients with chronic HBV should avoid alcohol to prevent disease progression.

Family members should be educated about hepatitis and vaccination; unnecessary vaccination for all.

HCV can lead to liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and fulminant hepatic failure.

The mortality rate from HCV is less than 1%, but 1%-5% may die from complications like cirrhosis or cancer.

Initial testing includes HCV antibody testing; if positive, HCV RNA testing follows to check for chronic infection.

An immunoassay to detect antibodies; a positive result requires further confirmatory testing.

Genotyping HCV helps predict therapy response and treatment duration.

Physical signs include hepatic tenderness, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and a palpable liver.

There is no specific treatment for acute HCV, but pegylated interferon may decrease chronic hepatitis risk if given early.

Most patients can be managed at home with rest and nutrition; no specific therapy required.

RNA virus primarily transmitted percutaneously through blood or sexual contact.

Includes sharing contaminated needles, blood transfusions, sexual activities, and perinatal contact.

Liver damage mediated by cytotoxic cytokines and natural killer cells leading to necrosis and inflammation.

Symptoms can be classified as acute or chronic, with malaise, fatigue, and nausea common in acute phase.

Symptoms include malaise, anorexia, nausea, and right abdominal discomfort lasting 1-4 months.

Jaundice occurs when bilirubin diffuses into tissues causing dark urine and clay-colored stools.

Begins as jaundice disappears; symptoms of malaise and easy fatigue persist for weeks to months.

75%-85% of those with HCV develop chronic infection, which can lead to further complications.