Hemostasis and Coagulation Cascade
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

  • Immune response
  • Fluid regulation
  • Gas transport (correct)
  • Blood clotting

    • Platelets are a type of leukocyte involved in blood clotting.

    False

    What is the role of fibrin in the coagulation process?

    Fibrin forms a mesh that helps stabilize the blood clot.

    The ___ pathway is triggered by external trauma that leads to coagulation.

    <p>extrinsic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of the coagulation cascade to their functions:

    <p>Platelets = Clot formation Fibrin = Stabilizing the clot Prothrombin = Precursor to thrombin Thrombin = Converts fibrinogen to fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood is primarily responsible for maintaining the osmotic gradient?

    <p>Plasma proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vasoconstriction helps reduce blood loss after a blood vessel injury.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of leukocytes?

    <p>Immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ are undifferentiated cells that serve as precursors to all blood cells.

    <p>Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is NOT typically found in plasma?

    <p>Nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of platelets?

    <p>Prevent blood loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vasoconstriction occurs as a response to decrease blood flow to an injured site.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates endothelial cells to secrete von Willebrand factor (vWF)?

    <p>Exposure of collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The coagulation cascade involves the activation of ________ factors.

    <p>clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their functions:

    <p>ADP = Enhances platelet aggregation Serotonin = Causes vasoconstriction Thromboxane A2 = Promotes platelet activation Collagen = Stimulates vWF secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway primarily activates thrombin during the coagulation cascade?

    <p>Intrinsic pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Platelet plug formation occurs before coagulation cascade activation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of platelet degranulation?

    <p>Release of platelet factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During hemostasis, _______ is released to enhance vasoconstriction.

    <p>serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stages of hemostasis:

    <p>Vasospasm = Initial vascular response to injury Platelet plug formation = First layer of response to blood loss Coagulation cascade = Formation of a stable blood clot Fibrin formation = Final step in clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is essential for the aggregation of platelets at a site of injury?

    <p>Fibrinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Endothelin is a paracrine signal that promotes vasodilation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of EPO in red blood cell synthesis?

    <p>Stimulates red blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Platelets are produced from large ________ in the bone marrow.

    <p>megakaryocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary result of the coagulation cascade?

    <p>Formation of blood clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibrin is the main product formed at the end of the coagulation cascade.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme dissolves fibrin during the process of fibrinolysis?

    <p>Plasmin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of breaking down fibrin is known as __________.

    <p>fibrinolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their roles in the coagulation process:

    <p>Intrinsic Pathway = Triggered by internal damage to blood vessels Extrinsic Pathway = Triggered by external injury Fibrin = Forming a mesh to stabilize the clot Plasmin = Dissolving fibrin to remove the clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mechanisms facilitates the initial response to vessel injury?

    <p>Platelet activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The extrinsic pathway is activated more slowly compared to the intrinsic pathway.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vasoconstriction in the coagulation process?

    <p>To reduce blood flow to the injured area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The formation of a __________ is essential for stopping bleeding.

    <p>blood clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the pathways to their characteristics:

    <p>Intrinsic Pathway = Activated by factors within the blood Extrinsic Pathway = Activated by tissue factor from damaged tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes fibrin?

    <p>A protein that forms a mesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Platelets play a minor role in blood clot formation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the pathway (intrinsic or extrinsic) that is activated during clot formation?

    <p>The source of the triggering factor (internal vs. external damage)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibrin is eventually removed from the wound site through __________.

    <p>fibrinolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate role of the coagulation cascade?

    <p>To form a blood clot at the site of injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Coagulation Cascade

    • Fibrin is the end product of the coagulation cascade (formation of fibrin mesh)
    • This fibrin mesh repairs damaged areas in the body
    • Fibrinolysis is the dissolution of fibrin by plasmin

    Hemostasis

    • Hemostasis is the process of preventing blood loss within a damaged blood vessel
    • Vasospasm is the vasoconstriction of vascular smooth muscle
      • Decreases blood flow to the injured site
      • Norepinephrine (NE) plays a role in pain reflex
      • Endothelial cells secrete endothelin to aid in vasoconstriction
    • Platelet adhesion causes a platelet release reaction, forming a platelet plug
    • The coagulation cascade results in the formation of a blood clot

    Platelet Release Reaction

    • Damaged blood vessels expose collagen
    • This stimulates endothelial cells to release von Willebrand Factor (vWF)
    • vWF activates platelets and induces degranulation of the following
      • ADP
      • Serotonin
      • Thromboxane A2
    • Platelet factors:
      • Enhance vasoconstriction
      • Activate other platelets, eventually leading to the formation of a platelet plug

    Coagulation Cascade

    • Damaged areas expose collagen fibers and tissue factors
    • This initiates a cascade of chemical reactions
    • Inactive clotting factors are activated

    Whole Blood: Plasma

    • Plasma is the liquid portion of the blood
    • Makes up about 90% of blood volume
    • Consists primarily of water and dissolved substances
    • Contains:
      • Nutrients
      • Metabolic wastes
      • Gases
      • Electrolytes
      • Plasma proteins
    • The osmolarity of plasma is ≈.300 Osm/300 mOsm

    Plasma Proteins

    • Plasma proteins serve a wide array of functions, including:
      • Transport
      • Blood clotting
      • Coagulation
      • Immunity
      • Enzymes
    • Albumin is a key player in maintaining an osmotic gradient between the tissues and bloodstream
    • Serum is plasma with fibrinogen and other clotting proteins removed

    Whole Blood: Cellular Elements

    • Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) function in gas transport
    • Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) function in immunity
    • Platelets (Thrombocytes) function in blood clotting and coagulation

    Hematopoiesis

    • Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells are undifferentiated cells that serve as precursors to all blood cells
      • Important for stem cell research
    • Progenitor cells are cells with numerous specific fates
      • Give rise to specific blood cells
      • Eventually leave the bone marrow and provide specific functions
      • Example: White blood cells for immunity

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    Lec 11 - Blood (Anatomy 10B: Introduction to Human Physiology Fall 2024 PDF)

    Description

    Explore the intricate processes of hemostasis and the coagulation cascade in this quiz. Understand how fibrin formation, platelet activation, and vasoconstriction work together to prevent blood loss and promote healing. Test your knowledge on key components involved in these critical bodily functions.

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