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Questions and Answers
Which pathway is activated by tissue factor during blood coagulation?
Which pathway is activated by tissue factor during blood coagulation?
What is the result of clot retraction in the coagulation process?
What is the result of clot retraction in the coagulation process?
What is the normal platelet count range in a healthy individual?
What is the normal platelet count range in a healthy individual?
What is the term for pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin?
What is the term for pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin?
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What is the primary function of plasmin in the coagulation process?
What is the primary function of plasmin in the coagulation process?
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What is the term for abnormally shaped red blood cells that occur in sickle cell disease?
What is the term for abnormally shaped red blood cells that occur in sickle cell disease?
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What is the primary cause of thrombocytopenia?
What is the primary cause of thrombocytopenia?
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What is the term for the bleeding disorder characterized by a decrease in platelet count or function?
What is the term for the bleeding disorder characterized by a decrease in platelet count or function?
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What is the primary cause of iron deficiency anemia in adults?
What is the primary cause of iron deficiency anemia in adults?
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of anemia?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of anemia?
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What is the primary cause of iron deficiency anemia in children?
What is the primary cause of iron deficiency anemia in children?
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What is the name of the craving disorder associated with iron deficiency anemia?
What is the name of the craving disorder associated with iron deficiency anemia?
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Which of the following is a laboratory diagnostic for anemia?
Which of the following is a laboratory diagnostic for anemia?
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What is the term for the destruction of red blood cells?
What is the term for the destruction of red blood cells?
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What is the term for the increased production of red blood cells in response to anemia?
What is the term for the increased production of red blood cells in response to anemia?
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What is the age range when iron requirements are highest?
What is the age range when iron requirements are highest?
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What is the primary function of hemostasis?
What is the primary function of hemostasis?
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What is the primary role of vascular smooth muscle contraction in hemostasis?
What is the primary role of vascular smooth muscle contraction in hemostasis?
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What is the function of von Willebrand factor in hemostasis?
What is the function of von Willebrand factor in hemostasis?
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What is the result of platelet adhesion to collagen fibers?
What is the result of platelet adhesion to collagen fibers?
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What is the role of TXA2 in hemostasis?
What is the role of TXA2 in hemostasis?
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What is the sequence of events in hemostasis?
What is the sequence of events in hemostasis?
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Study Notes
Hemostasis and Blood Clotting
- Hemostasis is the stoppage of blood flow, consisting of three stages
- Stage 1: Vessel vasoconstriction, where vascular smooth muscle contraction occurs and local nervous reflexes and humoral factors (TXA2) are released from platelets
- Stage 2: Formation of the platelet plug, where vWF is released from the endothelium, binds to platelet receptors, and causes adhesion of platelets to exposed collagen fibers
- Stage 3: Development of a blood clot as a result of the coagulation process, involving two coagulation pathways: intrinsic and extrinsic
- Clot retraction pulls the edges of the injured vessel together
- Clot dissolution/lysis allows blood flow to be reestablished and tissue healing to take place
Bleeding Disorders: Platelet Disorders
- Disorders result from a decrease in the number of platelets due to decreased production, increased destruction, or impaired function
- Spontaneous bleeding often involves small vessels of mucous membranes and skin (mouth, nose, GI tract, uterine cavity)
- Cutaneous bleeding includes pinpoint hemorrhages (petechiae) and bruising (purpura)
- Petechiae indicates platelet deficiency, not dysfunction
- Thrombocytopenia is characterized by reduced platelets (< 150,000/μL), commonly caused by folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiencies
- Sickle cell disease is characterized by abnormally shaped RBCs that increase red cell adhesiveness and adherence to vessel walls, leading to hemolysis, occlusion, and ischemia
Anemia: Anemias of Deficient Red Cell Production
- Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) can be caused by four factors: loss of RBCs from bleeding, destruction of RBCs, defective RBC production, or inadequate RBC production
- IDA in adults is commonly caused by chronic blood loss, GI bleeds, or iron deficiency during childbearing age
- IDA in children is commonly caused by increased iron demand due to growth and low iron levels at birth
- Anemia manifestations include fatigue, irritability, PICA, dyspnea, tachycardia, angina, and palpitations
- Diagnosis of anemia involves decreased MCHC and MCV
Nonneoplastic Disorders of White Blood Cells: Infectious Mononucleosis
- Clinical course, most common complications, and laboratory diagnostics are key aspects of infectious mononucleosis
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Description
Learn about the three stages of hemostasis, including vessel vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation, and blood clot development. Understand the role of vWF, platelets, and collagen fibers in the process.
