Recent

  • Show all results for ""
Hemolytic Anemia
39 Questions
0 Views

Hemolytic Anemia

Created by
@ComfortableGalaxy

Questions and Answers

Which of the following types of hemolytic anemias is characterized by intrinsic defects in red blood cells?

  • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (correct)
  • Sickle cell anemia (correct)
  • Aplastic anemia
  • Iron deficiency anemia

    • Identifying thalassemia subtypes primarily depends on which aspect?

  • Presence of extrinsic factors
  • Severity of symptoms
  • Age of onset
  • Type of hemoglobin present (correct)

    • In the context of Sickle Cell Anemia, what is a common complication that may arise?

  • Leg ulcers (correct)
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Skin rash
  • Weight gain

    • Which of the following is a key laboratory finding associated with hemolytic anemias?

    <p>Increased reticulocyte count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate treatment option for managing Sickle Cell Anemia?

    <p>Bone marrow transplant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intrinsic defect can lead to autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

    <p>Abnormalities in red blood cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique diagnostic characteristic is identified with Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia?

    <p>Positive direct Coombs test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a trigger for hemolysis in patients with Sickle Cell Anemia?

    <p>Consuming high levels of iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory finding is indicative of severe hemolysis in a patient?

    <p>Presence of spherocytes on peripheral blood smear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment may be effective in controlling hemolysis during rapid hemolysis episodes?

    <p>High-dose intravenous immune globulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary abnormality noted in the serum of a patient with hemolytic anemia?

    <p>Increased indirect bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, how do patients with DAT-negative and DAT-positive autoimmune hemolysis generally respond to corticosteroids?

    <p>Patients respond equally well regardless of DAT status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication can occur as a result of rapid hemolysis?

    <p>Cardiovascular collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic agent is specifically used for refractory cases of hemolytic anemia?

    <p>Rituximab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hemoglobin level is indicative of homozygous S disease?

    <p>Absence of hemoglobin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is associated with a more benign clinical course in sickle cell disease?

    <p>Increased levels of hemoglobin F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of transfused red blood cells in patients with hemolytic anemia?

    <p>They survive similarly to the patient's own red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hematocrit level commonly seen in patients with severe hemolytic anemia?

    <p>Less than 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic finding on a peripheral blood smear in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

    <p>Spherocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition must be distinguished from autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

    <p>Drug-induced hemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical finding in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

    <p>Rapid onset of anemia with possible life-threatening consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hemoglobin is primarily seen in sickle cell anemia on electrophoresis?

    <p>Hemoglobin S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with which condition tend to have a more benign clinical course compared to straight sickle cell anemia?

    <p>S-beta+-thalassemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of thalassemia?

    <p>Elevated serum LDH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes beta-thalassemia from other types of thalassemia?

    <p>Presence of elevated hemoglobin A2 and F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the classification of thalassemia?

    <p>Thalassemia is characterized by a reduction in globin chain synthesis resulting in hypochromic microcytic anemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory finding is commonly associated with thalassemia?

    <p>Low mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions would most likely show elevated serum LDH levels?

    <p>Sickle cell anemia crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which variant of thalassemia is characterized by the presence of hemoglobin H?

    <p>Hemoglobin H disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about complications associated with thalassemia is true?

    <p>Thalassemia can result in splenomegaly due to extramedullary hematopoiesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lab findings might indicate prior intravascular hemolysis?

    <p>Positive urine hemosiderin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of hemoglobin F on sickling in patients with sickle-thalassemia?

    <p>It cannot participate in polymer formation, thereby reducing sickling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors would NOT influence the rate of sickling in sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Increased alkalinity of the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical symptoms are commonly associated with chronic hemolytic anemia in sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Jaundice, pigment gallstones, and splenomegaly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication that can arise specifically during hemolytic crises in children with sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Splenic sequestration of sickled cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ATP released from sickled cells in sickle cell anemia?

    <p>It binds to receptors causing further sickling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory finding is typically observed in patients with sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Low MCV and hypochromic red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely consequence of endothelial dysfunction caused by free hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Increased risk for pulmonary hypertension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental stage is particularly at risk for splenic sequestration crises in sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Infancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA)

    • Homozygous S disease has no hemoglobin A present.
    • Elevated hemoglobin F (15–20%) is linked to a milder clinical outcome.
    • Patients with S-beta+-thalassemia and SS alpha-thalassemia experience less severe symptoms than those with pure sickle cell anemia.
    • Diagnosis essentials include recurrent pain episodes, positive family history of hemolytic anemia, irreversibly sickled cells on blood smear, and predominant hemoglobin S on electrophoresis.

    Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

    • Acquired hemolytic anemia is caused by IgG autoantibodies.
    • Peripheral blood smear shows spherocytes and reticulocytosis.
    • Positive Coombs test confirms diagnosis.
    • Roughly half of cases are idiopathic; can also occur with SLE, rheumatic disorders, CLL, or lymphomas.
    • Distinction from drug-induced hemolytic anemia is essential; drug-induced involves autoantibodies against membrane-drug complexes.

    Clinical and Laboratory Findings

    • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia can lead to rapidly developing, potentially life-threatening anemia.
    • Symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea, and possible angina or heart failure; jaundice and splenomegaly are common findings.
    • Severe hemolysis can result in cardiovascular collapse.
    • Anemia severity varies, with hematocrit potentially dropping below 10%.
    • Reticulocytosis and spherocytes appear on blood smear; indirect bilirubin is elevated and haptoglobin is decreased.

    Treatment Strategies

    • Prednisone (1–2 mg/kg/day) is standard for treatment; response is similar in DAT-negative and DAT-positive cases.
    • Incompatible blood transfusions may be necessary due to cross-match challenges.
    • Immunosuppressive agents like cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and azathioprine are options.
    • Plasmapheresis is effective in acute hemolysis cases; high-dose IVIG may help control hemolysis.
    • Splenectomy is indicated if prednisone fails or if recurrence occurs during tapering.
    • Rituximab is used for refractory cases.

    Hemolytic Anemias Overview

    • Hemolytic anemias reduce red blood cell survival, can be episodic or continuous, leading to anemia when the bone marrow's compensatory mechanisms fail.
    • Classified into intrinsic defects (hereditary) and extrinsic factors (immune-mediated, infections, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia).
    • Common laboratory features include decreased haptoglobin, elevated indirect bilirubin, and increased LDH.

    Thalassemia Essentials

    • Family history and history of microcytic anemia are common.
    • Affected individuals exhibit disproportionate microcytosis to anemia, normal or elevated RBC count, and abnormal red blood cell morphology.
    • Variants include alpha-thalassemia trait, hemoglobin H disease, beta-thalassemia minor, major, and intermedia.
    • Thalassemias are characterized by reduced synthesis of globin chains, leading to hypochromic microcytic anemia.

    Sickle-Thalassemia Insights

    • Homozygous sickle cell anemia combined with alpha-thalassemia results in less vigorous hemolysis and higher hemoglobin levels due to decreased sickling.
    • Sickled red cells result in the release of ATP; ATP conversion to adenosine contributes to further sickling.
    • Free hemoglobin scavenges nitric oxide, leading to endothelial dysfunction and vascular complications.
    • Factors increasing sickling include dehydration of red blood cells and formation of deoxyhemoglobin S, typically from acidosis and hypoxemia.

    Clinical Findings in Sickle Cell Anemia

    • Symptoms include jaundice, gallstones, splenomegaly, and chronic skin ulcers.
    • Severe anemia can occur during hemolytic or aplastic crises, often triggered by infection or folate deficiency.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on Sickle Cell Anemia and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia with this quiz. Explore the essential diagnostic criteria, clinical findings, and differences between various types of hemolytic anemias. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals looking to deepen their understanding of hematology.

    More Quizzes Like This

    Sickle Cell Anemia Overview
    40 questions

    Sickle Cell Anemia Overview

    InnocuousWashington avatar
    InnocuousWashington
    Heme/Onc Flashcards Practice
    14 questions

    Heme/Onc Flashcards Practice

    BeneficentHonor6192 avatar
    BeneficentHonor6192
    Classification of Hemolytic Anemia
    25 questions

    Classification of Hemolytic Anemia

    EventfulLandArt avatar
    EventfulLandArt
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser