40 Questions
What percentage of the hemoglobin molecule's mass is contributed by iron ions?
0.3%
What is a characteristic of biomolecules derived from hydrocarbons?
They have functional groups replacing hydrogen atoms
What determines the physical-chemical properties of a biomolecule?
The chemistry of its functional groups and their disposition in 3D space
What is the name of the biomolecule that carries acetyl groups in enzymatic reactions?
Acetyl-CoA
What are the major classes of biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
What characteristic do proteins exhibit in terms of molecular masses?
High molecular masses expressed in kDa
What is a common feature of lipids?
They are organic molecules soluble in chloroform
What is the characteristic of amphiphilic lipids?
They have both hydrophilic and lipophilic parts
What is the characteristic of nucleic acids in terms of their composition?
They are polymers of nucleotides
What is a common feature of carbohydrates?
They are polar molecules
What is the term used to describe the building blocks of larger molecules called polymers?
Monomers
What is the common name for a five-carbon sugar found in nucleotides?
Pentose
Which of the following is not classified as a small molecule?
Polysaccharides
What is the term used to describe the analysis of biological activity and detection of biological molecules?
BioAnalytical Chemistry
What is the Greek origin of the term 'polymers'?
Polys meaning many and meros meaning parts
What is the term for the collection of small organic molecules within cells?
Metabolome
What is the molecular weight range of the relatively small compounds that are polymerized to form macromolecules?
100-500 Da
What type of bond links amino acids to form proteins?
Peptide bond
What is the term for the process of forming macromolecules from smaller compounds?
Polymerization
What is the term for the number of polymerized units in a macromolecule?
Degree of polymerization
What is the estimated number of different proteins in the human body?
100,000
What is the main product of photosynthesis?
Cellulose and other plant products
What percentage of total dry mass do proteins make up in cells?
50%
What is the purpose of certain carbohydrates in cells?
To serve as structural and protective elements
What is the estimated number of different protein types in nature?
Unknown
What is the primary function of certain carbohydrates in connective tissues of animals?
To serve as structural and protective elements
What is the estimated amount of CO2 converted into plant products each year through photosynthesis?
100 billion metric tons
What is a common feature of carbohydrates found in dietary staples?
They are common dietary staples
What is the role of certain carbohydrate polymers in joints?
To lubricate skeletal joints
What can proteins be isolated from?
Cells, tissues, organs, or whole organisms
Which of the following elements are classified as bulk elements in biochemistry?
Calcium and phosphorus
What is the role of trace elements in biochemistry?
They are essential to life because they are essential to the function of specific proteins, including enzymes
Which functional group is commonly found in biomolecules derived from hydrocarbons?
Alkyl group
What is a characteristic of carbon-containing compounds in biochemistry?
They are always organic
What determines the biochemical properties of a biomolecule?
The functional groups present
What is a characteristic of small biomolecules found in the aqueous phase of cells?
They are polar or charged, water-soluble, and have molecular weights ranging from ~100 to ~500 Da
What are the building blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides
What is a characteristic of macromolecules in cells?
They are made up of simple subunits
What is a feature of the universal set of small biomolecules in cells?
They are crucial for major metabolic pathways in cells
What is a characteristic of certain small biomolecules in specialized cells or organisms?
They are specific to certain cells or organisms
Explore the structure and function of hemoglobin, and learn about biomolecules, their derivation from hydrocarbons, and common functional groups. Understand the composition and properties of these essential biological molecules.
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