Hemodialysis Setup Components
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Questions and Answers

What is the standard range for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for males?

  • 75–125 ml/min
  • 135–155 ml/min
  • 95–145 ml/min (correct)
  • 95–125 ml/min

    • Which substance has the highest sieving coefficient based on the provided data?

  • Inulin (correct)
  • Glucose
  • Urea
  • Water

    • What is the retention capacity of the glomerulus for albumin?

  • 1.0
  • 0.03
  • 0.001 (correct)
  • 0.22

    • Which substance with a molecular weight greater than 10000 Da is least hindered when passing through the membrane?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of concentration in filtrate to concentration in plasma for glucose based on the sieving coefficient?

    <p>14.6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in liters per day?

    <p>180 l/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure actively squeezes blood from the glomerulus into the Bowman-capsule?

    <p>Proximal tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of the primary urine in the nephron?

    <p>Glucose, urea, and salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the passive backflow of 80% of the primary urinary water occur?

    <p>Descending tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron is responsible for active transport of salts and nutrients in the water-impermeable distal tubule?

    <p>Proximal tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using creatinine clearance?

    <p>GFR = (Urine creatinine concentration x Urine flow rate) / Plasma creatinine concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of kidney parameters, what does RBF stand for?

    <p>Renal Blood Flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions could lead to pre-renal kidney failure?

    <p>Thrombus blocking a blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in healthy individuals?

    <p>125 ml/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does FECr = 100% indicate in the context of GFR estimation using creatinine?

    <p>No reabsorption or secretion of creatinine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) for males?

    <p>95-145 ml/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Sieving coefficient (S) defined?

    <p>Ratio of concentration in filtrate to concentration in plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Fractional Excretion (FE) of 0 indicate?

    <p>Complete reabsorption in tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Renal Blood Flow (RBF) a measure of?

    <p>Blood flow through the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate plasma flow through the kidneys (RPF)?

    <p>~550 ml/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical blood flow rate in hemodialysis?

    <p>200 - 300 ml/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ultrafiltration in hemodialysis?

    <p>To excrete water from the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum transmembrane pressure (TMP) in hemodiafiltration?

    <p>300 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'diffusive transport' refer to in the context of hemodialysis?

    <p>Movement of water-soluble toxins through the dialyzer membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical filtration rate in hemodiafiltration based on body weight?

    <p>25 ml / kg h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the sieving coefficient (S) measure?

    <p>Ratio of concentration in filtrate to concentration in plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'fractional excretion (FE)' represent?

    <p>Percentage of a substance's matter flow in the final urine compared to the matter flow in the primary urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does clearance (C) measure according to the given information?

    <p>Plasma volume-flow that is completely cleared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of kidney parameters, what does GFR stand for?

    <p>Glomerular filtration rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clinical indicator for acute kidney failure based on the information provided?

    <p>FENa = 1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate range of priming volume for the fibers used in ultrafiltration?

    <p>60 – 120 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dialyzer membrane is more permeable to medium-sized molecules?

    <p>High-Flux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) based on the provided information?

    <p>Molecular weight where 90% are retained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the sieving coefficient measure for dialyzer membranes?

    <p>% of substances passing through the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter determines the selectivity of a dialyzer membrane?

    <p>$90$% retention (S = $10$%) of vital proteins and molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trade-off associated with High-Flux dialyzers compared to Low-Flux dialyzers?

    <p>$20$% retention of vital proteins and molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

    • Standard GFR for males: 130 mL/min
    • Approximate GFR in liters per day: 180 L/day
    • Normal GFR in healthy individuals: 130 mL/min

    Sieving Coefficient and Fractional Excretion

    • Sieving coefficient (S) measures the ability of a substance to pass through a membrane
    • Formula for S: S = (concentration in filtrate) / (concentration in plasma)
    • Substance with the highest sieving coefficient: glucose (S ≈ 1)
    • Fractional excretion (FE) represents the percentage of the filtered load that is excreted in the urine
    • FE = 100% indicates that the entire filtered load is excreted in the urine

    Nephron and Glomerulus

    • Retention capacity of the glomerulus for albumin: 99%
    • Structure that actively squeezes blood from the glomerulus into the Bowman-capsule: mesangial cells
    • Primary composition of the primary urine in the nephron: water, ions, glucose, and other small molecules
    • Location of passive backflow of 80% of the primary urinary water: proximal convoluted tubule
    • Part of the nephron responsible for active transport of salts and nutrients in the water-impermeable distal tubule: distal tubule

    Kidney Parameters

    • RBF stands for Renal Blood Flow
    • Formula for calculating GFR using creatinine clearance: GFR = (urine creatinine) / (plasma creatinine) x (urine flow rate)
    • GFR stands for Glomerular Filtration Rate

    Hemodialysis

    • Typical blood flow rate in hemodialysis: 200-400 mL/min
    • Purpose of ultrafiltration in hemodialysis: remove excess water and solutes from the blood
    • Typical filtration rate in hemodiafiltration based on body weight: 20-30 mL/kg/h
    • Maximum transmembrane pressure (TMP) in hemodiafiltration: 500 mmHg
    • Diffusive transport refers to the movement of solutes across a membrane down their concentration gradient
    • Trade-off associated with High-Flux dialyzers compared to Low-Flux dialyzers: higher removal of larger molecules but also higher removal of beneficial nutrients

    Dialyzer Membranes

    • Molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) based on the provided information: 10,000-50,000 Da
    • Sieving coefficient measures the ability of a substance to pass through a dialyzer membrane
    • Parameter that determines the selectivity of a dialyzer membrane: molecular weight cut-off (MWCO)
    • High-Flux dialyzers are more permeable to medium-sized molecules

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the components and processes involved in a hemodialysis setup, including measurement devices, artificial organs, patient parameters, and dialysis principles.

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