Hemoproteins
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Questions and Answers

What is the central metal ion in heme?

  • Magnesium
  • Iron Fe2+ (correct)
  • Zinc
  • Copper

How many pyrrole rings are there in a heme molecule?

  • 2
  • 3
  • 4 (correct)
  • 5

Which of the following is NOT a hemoprotein?

  • Hemoglobin
  • Myoglobin
  • Insulin (correct)
  • Catalase

How many heme groups are present in hemoglobin?

<p>4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which helix binds to the proximal histidine (F8) in hemoglobin?

<p>Helix F (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond stabilizes the heme group in the globin pocket?

<p>Hydrophobic interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In hemoglobin, the sixth coordination site of iron binds to:

<p>An oxygen molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key role of the apoprotein part of hemoglobin?

<p>To make heme soluble in water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Bohr effect in hemoglobin

<p>The effect of pH on oxygen affinity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

why does hemoglobin have a higher affinity for CO than O2?

<p>The bond angle and structure of CO allowed to fit better in the binding pocket (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

which amino acid in the polypeptide chain produces steric hindrance that produces CO binding affinity?

<p>Histidine E7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of myoglobin?

<p>Store oxygen in muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

how many oxygen molecules can one hemoglobin molecule carry

<p>4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

which has a higher affinity for oxygen, myoglobin or hemoglobin

<p>Myoglobin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adult hemoglobin is HbA?

<p>98 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is hemoglobin primarily located?

<p>In Red blood cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of adult hemoglobin?

<p>Two alpha chains and two beta chains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

and hemoglobin oxygen binding is facilitated by which structural property?

<p>Cooperative binding among the four subunits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of protein structure does HbA1 have?

<p>Tetrameric (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many alpha chains are present in HbA1?

<p>2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The two dims and hemoglobin are held together by

<p>Ionic bones and hydrogen bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

which of the following describes the quaternary structure of hemoglobin?

<p>Arrangement of two alpha chains and two butter chains as two dimers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

which of the following describes the quaternary structure of hemoglobin?

<p>Arrangement of two alpha chains and two butter chains as two dimers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

what happens to the hemoglobin molecule when it binds to oxygen?

<p>it shifts to the R form (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does not affect the oxygen binding ability of hemoglobin

<p>Nitrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stabilizes the T form of hemoglobin

<p>Protonation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the role of 2,3- BPG in hemoglobin function?

<p>decreases hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hemoglobin exhibits cooperative binding, this means:

<p>The binding of one oxygen molecule increases the affinity for the next oxygen molecule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hemoglobin exhibits cooperative binding, this means:

<p>The binding of one oxygen molecule increases the affinity for the next oxygen molecule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bonds are broken during the T to R transition in hemoglobin?

<p>Salt bridges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What molecule forms when liberated hydrogen ions bind with bicarbonate in the blood

<p>Carbonic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Bohr effect facilitates the release of oxygen in tissues by

<p>Decreasing pH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Bohr effect facilitates the release of oxygen in tissues by

<p>Decreasing pH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carbaminohemoglobin is formed when CO2 binds to

<p>The N terminal amino group of globin chains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carbon monoxide bonds through hemoglobin at the same site as

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

which form of hemoglobin is toxic and prevents oxygen release in tissues

<p>Carboxyhemoglobin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hemoglobin type is primarily present during the first three months of pregnancy?

<p>Hb Gower (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects blood glucose levels over the past:

<p>60 to 90 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A HbA1c level greater than 6.5% typically indicates

<p>Diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is myoglobin primarily found?

<p>Muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The alpha globin gene family is located on chromosome

<p>16 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene is expressed during the first three months of pregnancy

<p>Zeta gene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hb Gower is formed by the combination of which chains?

<p>Zeta and epsilon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the gene coding for

<p>Beta globin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In sickle cell anemia, which amino acid is replaced in the beta globin chain?

<p>Glutamate replaced by Valine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with sickle cell treat have

<p>Both HbA and HbS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What amino acid is replaced by lysine in hemoglobin C (HbC) disease?

<p>Glutamate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key symptom of hemoglobin C (HbC) disease?

<p>RBC crystallization leading to mild anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in methemoglobinemia?

<p>Fe2+ is converted to Fe3+</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of thalassemia results in the formation of Hb Bart (y4) and Hb H (beta 4)?

<p>Homozygous alpha thalassemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene defect leads to alpha thalassemia major

<p>Defect in three alpha genes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does a patient with beta thalassemia major appear normal at birth?

<p>Presence of HbF (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is HbA2 composed of?

<p>a2 delta 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic of thalassemia disorders?

<p>Mutation or deletion in the globin genes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which abnormal hemoglobin results from the replacement of histidine by tyrosine?

<p>HbM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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