Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Immune Functions
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Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Immune Functions

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Questions and Answers

Where do hematopoietic stem cells originate?

  • Liver
  • Spleen
  • Bone marrow
  • Fetal tissues (correct)

    • Which of the following cell types is not derived from lymphoid progenitor cells?

  • Dendritic cells
  • B-lymphocytes
  • T-lymphocytes
  • Granulocytes (correct)

    • Which cells primarily constitute the innate immune system?

  • Neutrophils and Basophils
  • B cells and T cells
  • Dendritic cells and Platelets
  • Macrophages and NK cells (correct)

    • What is the primary function of eosinophils?

    <p>Promotion of allergic responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function is primarily associated with dendritic cells?

    <p>Antigen presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly matches the cell type with its function?

    <p>Mast cell - Release of granules containing histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of macrophages in the immune system?

    <p>Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of progenitor cell gives rise to B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes?

    <p>Lymphoid progenitor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key function of certain lymphocytes in the immune response?

    <p>To kill other cells infected with pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do circulating lymphocytes encounter antigens?

    <p>Peripheral lymphoid organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of cells can be found in the marginal zone of the spleen?

    <p>A mix of T-cells, B-cells, and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peyer’s patches are classified as part of which tissue?

    <p>Gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence for lymphocyte activation?

    <p>Antigen presentation by APC → recognition of antigen → differentiation into lymphoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main role of cytokines in the immune system involves:

    <p>Activating functions of other immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the functions of lymphocytes is incorrect?

    <p>Lymphocytes are solely responsible for killing infected cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type primarily acts as an antigen-presenting cell (APC)?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hematopoietic Stem Cells

    • Originate in fetal tissues
    • Primarily reside in bone marrow of adult vertebrates
    • Small number can be found in adult spleen and liver

    Lymphoid Progenitor Cells

    • Give rise to B cells, T cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and specific dendritic cell populations
    • Do not give rise to granulocytes

    Innate Immune System

    • Composed of monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells (DCs), plasma proteins (complements and collectins), endothelial cells, and natural killer cells (NK cells)

    Immune Cell Functions

    • Macrophages: Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms
    • Dendritic Cells: Antigen uptake in peripheral sites and antigen presentation
    • Neutrophils: Killing of antibody-coated parasites
    • Basophils: Release of granules containing histamine and active agent, promotion of allergic responses
    • Eosinophils: Augmentation of anti-parasitic immunity
    • Mast Cells: Promotion of allergic responses

    Regulatory T Cells

    • Suppress the activity of other lymphocytes
    • Limit potential damage of immune responses

    Circulation of Lymphocytes

    • Naive lymphocytes constantly recirculate through peripheral lymphoid tissues
    • Lymphocytes may encounter their specific antigens and become activated in peripheral lymphoid tissues

    Spleen

    • Marginal zone contains T cells, B cells, and macrophages

    Peyer’s Patches

    • Part of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT)
    • Other components of GALT: tonsils, adenoids, appendix

    Immune Response Sequence

    • Antigen-presenting cell (APC) presents antigen
    • Lymphocyte recognizes antigen
    • Lymphocyte differentiates into a lymphoblast
    • Lymphoblast divides into daughter cells with identical specificity
    • Daughter cells differentiate into effector cells

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    Description

    This quiz covers the origins and functions of hematopoietic stem cells and their role within the immune system. It explores the different types of progenitor cells and their contributions to immune responses, including specific immune cells and their functions. Test your knowledge on the complexities of the innate immune system and its cellular components.

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