Hematopoiesis and Erythropoiesis Quiz

The process of blood cell formation.

Immature red blood cells that are released into the bloodstream.

A mature red blood cell that has lost its nucleus.

The protein responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood.

The iron-containing molecule in hemoglobin.

The protein chains that are part of hemoglobin.

The most common type of hemoglobin in adults.

The primary function of red blood cells.

A type of anemia where red blood cells are smaller than normal, but their hemoglobin content is normal.

Anemia caused by insufficient production of red blood cells due to various conditions like chronic infections, inflammation, or autoimmune diseases.

Anemia caused by excessive loss of red blood cells, often due to bleeding.

Anemia characterized by larger than normal red blood cells, often caused by vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency.

Anemia caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid, leading to abnormal DNA synthesis and red blood cell production.

An anemia characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells due to an increased rate of their destruction, often caused by genetic disorders or immune system problems.

An anemia caused by the failure of the bone marrow to produce sufficient red blood cells, often due to cancer, leukemia, or other bone marrow disorders.

Anemia that occurs due to a decreased production of erythropoietin, a hormone essential for red blood cell production, often associated with kidney failure.

A condition where the body's red blood cell count (RBC) is lower than normal, resulting in decreased oxygen carrying capacity.

A deficiency of iron in the body, leading to reduced production of hemoglobin and red blood cells.

A group of genetic disorders that affect the production of hemoglobin, resulting in smaller red blood cells.

Anemia caused by chronic diseases, such as inflammatory conditions, infections, and cancer.

Anemia characterized by smaller than normal red blood cells (microcytic) and reduced hemoglobin content (hypochromic).

A test that measures the amount of iron in the blood. Important for diagnosing iron deficiency anemia.

A test that measures the amount of ferritin in the blood. Ferritin is a protein that stores iron.

A test that measures the ability of blood to bind to iron.

A test that checks the function of the stomach in producing gastric acid.

A test used to diagnose pernicious anemia which involves deficiency of vitamin B12 absorption.

A test that uses a direct Coombs' test to detect antibodies that attack red blood cells, leading to hemolysis.

Spoon-shaped nails, and mouth sores (angular stomatitis) often occur due to insufficient iron in the blood.

Yellowing of the skin (jaundice) can happen due to red blood cell breakdown (hemolytic anemia) or issues with Vitamin B12 (megaloblastic anemia).

Bone deformities and a characteristic facial appearance resembling Down Syndrome occur in thalassemias.

Leg ulcers are common in sickle cell anemia due to impaired blood flow and oxygen delivery to the limbs.

Purple spots on the skin (purpura) and frequent infections are signs of bone marrow problems.

A beefy-red, painful tongue is a classic sign of vitamin B12 deficiency.

Pain and tingling sensations (paraesthesia) are signs of nerve damage, commonly caused by vitamin B12 deficiency.

A low red blood cell count (anemia) can be classified based on the size of the red blood cells: normal (normocytic), small (microcytic), or large (macrocytic).

The duodenum is where iron is primarily absorbed into the bloodstream.

Iron in the form of heme (found in red meat) is more easily absorbed than non-heme iron (found in plant-based foods).

Factors that increase iron absorption include:

• Eating iron-rich foods with vitamin C
• Having lower levels of hepcidin (a hormone that regulates iron absorption)

Factors that decrease iron absorption include:

• Eating iron-rich foods with antacids
• Having inflammation or increased levels of hepcidin

Anemia caused by iron deficiency is characterized by small, pale red blood cells and low iron levels in the blood.

Common causes of iron deficiency anemia include blood loss, increased iron demands (pregnancy, growth), and poor dietary intake.

Diagnostic tests for iron deficiency anemia include a complete blood count (CBC) to evaluate red blood cells, serum iron levels, and ferritin levels.

Iron therapy, including oral iron supplements, is used to treat iron deficiency anemia.