Hematopoiesis and Blood Cell Lifespans
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Questions and Answers

Where are blood cells produced at different stages of development?

  • Spleen and liver
  • Thymus and pancreas
  • Kidneys and lungs
  • Red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow (correct)

    • What are the two types of bone marrow and their basic structure?

  • Active bone marrow and inactive bone marrow
  • Hard bone marrow and soft bone marrow
  • Compact bone marrow and spongy bone marrow
  • Red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow (correct)

    • How does a single type of multipotential stem cell give rise to two lineages (myeloid cells and lymphocytes)?

  • Through a process of endocytosis
  • By undergoing meiosis
  • By undergoing mitosis (correct)
  • Through a process of exocytosis

    • What are the general effects of growth factors on blood cell development?

    <p>They promote blood cell development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does blood cell formation primarily occur in adults?

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of blood cell formation called?

    <p>Hematopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of the bone marrow provides support for developing blood cells?

    <p>Reticular fibers and cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate daily production of new blood cells in a healthy adult?

    <p>$10^{11} - 10^{12}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does hemopoiesis occur in fetuses before bone marrow formation?

    <p>Yolk sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of blood cell formation in newborns?

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do mature blood cells enter the circulation after production in bone marrow?

    <p>Sinusoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of bone marrow?

    <p>Red and yellow bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood cell type has the shortest maturation period in the marrow but can circulate for days to decades?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of erythropoietin (EPO) in the process of erythropoiesis?

    <p>It stimulates erythrocyte production by acting on erythrocyte progenitor cells in the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause for an abnormal increase in bilirubin, leading to jaundice or icterus?

    <p>Hemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood cell type is stored in bone marrow as a reserve pool rather than being released into circulation immediately after formation?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of granulocyte development from their progenitor cells known as?

    <p>Granulocytopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood cell undergoes several stages during development, including proerythroblast, reticulocyte, and erythrocyte?

    <p>Erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What controls erythropoiesis?

    <p>Kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Erythropoietin (EPO)?

    <p>It stimulates erythrocyte production by acting on erythrocyte progenitor cells in the bone marrow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Erythropoietin (EPO)?

    <p>It stimulates erythrocyte production by acting on erythrocyte progenitor cells in the bone marrow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause for an abnormal increase in bilirubin leading to jaundice or icterus?

    <p>Hemolytic anemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells share the same progenitor, GFU-GM, during monocytopoiesis?

    <p>Granulocytes and monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of the cytoplasm in promonocyte?

    <p>Bluish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After entering connective tissue, what do monocytes transform into?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do hematopoietic stem cells produce in lymphopoiesis?

    <p>Myeloid and lymphoid stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced by myeloid stem cells in lymphopoiesis?

    <p>CFU-GEMM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do some lymphoid stem cells migrate to and become T lymphocytes?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do B lymphocytes differentiate?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do leukemias occur?

    <p>Bone marrow and lymphoid tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results in a highly cellular marrow, causing complications such as infection, hemorrhage, and anemia?

    <p>Leukemias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do platelets originate from red bone marrow?

    <p>By fragmentation of megakaryocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do RBCs enter the bloodstream?

    <p>Pressure gradient across the sinusoid wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During monocytopoiesis, which cells have the potential for further division?

    <p>Monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Monocytes and granulocytes share the same progenitor, GFU-GM, during monocytopoiesis
    • Monocyte progenitor (promonocyte) has a bluish cytoplasm and numerous azurophilic granules (lysosomes)
    • Every day, an average adult forms over 10 billion monocytes, which transform into macrophages after entering connective tissue
    • In lymphopoiesis, hematopoietic stem cells produce myeloid and lymphoid stem cells
    • Myeloid stem cells produce CFU-GEMM, while lymphoid stem cells produce CFU-L
    • Some lymphoid stem cells migrate to the thymus and become T lymphocytes, while others differentiate into B lymphocytes within bone marrow
    • Leukemias are malignant clones of leukocyte precursors that occur in bone marrow and lymphoid tissue
    • Leukemias result in a highly cellular marrow, causing complications such as infection, hemorrhage, and anemia
    • In myelogenous leukemia, bone marrow contains mostly leukemic cells, leading to a lack of normal hematopoiesis and peripheral cytopenias
    • Platelets originate from the red bone marrow by fragmentation of megakaryocytes, which each produce 5,000 to 10,000 platelets
    • Megakaryocytes form thin processes that cross the sinusoid wall and fragment at their tips to release platelets
    • RBCs enter the bloodstream by a pressure gradient that exists across the sinusoid wall, while WBCs cross by their own activity (diapedesis)
    • During monocytopoiesis, monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes have the potential for further division, while granulocytes do not.
    • Metastases to bone marrow can occur, such as metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma, which can be identified through markers like AE-1 and confirmed through bone scans and marrow biopsies.

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    Related Documents

    W1 Hematopoiesis (Reid, H) PDF

    Description

    Review the general overview of hematopoiesis and the lifespans of different blood cells. This includes the thinness of blood capillary walls, Giemsa stain, and the maturation and circulation periods of red blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils.

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