Hematology Quiz: Eosinophils and Basophils

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of neutrophils and monocytes in combating infections?

Releasing histamines to trigger inflammation

Engulfing and destroying bacteria and viruses (correct)

Facilitating the formation of plasma cells

Producing antibodies to neutralize toxins

Which type of white blood cell is specifically involved in chemotaxis?

Monocytes

Basophils

Lymphocytes

Eosinophils (correct)

What primary cell type is affected by myelogenous leukemia?

Red blood cells

Endothelial cells

Myeloid cells (correct)

Lymphocytes

Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with the effects of leukemia?

Skin rashes Signup and view all the answers

What substance activates the complement complex in inflamed tissues?

Degenerative products of inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of cells towards an area of higher concentration of a chemotactic substance?

Positive chemotaxis Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant consequence of the growth of leukemic cells in the bone marrow?

Displacement of normal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of opsonization in phagocytosis?

To enhance the recognition of pathogens by phagocytes Signup and view all the answers

How do leukemic cells affect the body's metabolic resources?

They impose high demands on foodstuff and vitamins. Signup and view all the answers

Where are granulocytes and monocytes primarily formed in the body?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of neutrophils and macrophages?

Formation of new RBCs and WBCs Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of leukemic growth in abnormal areas, such as bones?

Increased risk of fractures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following products is NOT mentioned as causing chemotaxis in inflamed tissues?

Cytokines released by T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the bactericidal agent hypochlorite produced by myeloperoxidase?

Hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions Signup and view all the answers

What process do lymphocytes and plasma cells primarily participate in?

Production of antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about chemotaxis is true?

Chemotaxis can be both positive and negative. Signup and view all the answers

Which oxidizing agent is primarily associated with the killing effect of neutrophils and macrophages?

Hydrogen peroxide Signup and view all the answers

Phagocytes must be selective during phagocytosis to avoid ingesting what?

Normal body cells and structures Signup and view all the answers

What type of biological structure helps regulate the enzymes used in the destruction of pathogens by phagocytes?

Peroxisomes Signup and view all the answers

What role does superoxide (O2−) play in the immune response of phagocytes?

Forms hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl ions Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of ineffective phagocytosis in the immune response?

Potential infection from normal flora Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the 'walling-off' effect during inflammation?

To isolate the injury and prevent the spread of infection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cardinal signs of inflammation is NOT typically associated with the condition?

Rapid heartbeat (Tachycardia) Signup and view all the answers

During inflammation, what is the initial role of tissue macrophages?

To perform phagocytic actions against pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What causes the redness and heat observed in inflamed tissues?

Increased vascular diameter and blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the term 'functio laesa' in relation to inflammation?

Loss of function of the affected area Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased permeability of blood vessels have during inflammation?

Facilitates fluid and immune cell movement into the tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is primarily responsible for the swelling observed in inflammation?

Accumulation of extracellular fluid Signup and view all the answers

What initial change occurs in the blood vessels when inflammation begins?

Vasodilation resulting in increased blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of endothelial cells during inflammation?

They activate and express molecules that attract leukocytes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct consequence of fluid leakage in the local tissue?

Swelling due to fluid accumulation. Signup and view all the answers

How do tissue macrophages in lymph nodes respond to foreign particles?

They trap foreign particles in a meshwork of sinuses. Signup and view all the answers

What role do alveolar macrophages play in the lungs?

They act as an integral part of the alveolar walls. Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the division of local tissue macrophages during an infection?

The onset of local tissue inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical result of increased vascular permeability during inflammation?

Reduction in local interstitial fluid pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of macrophages in the context of local inflammation?

They can undergo division to bolster local defenses. Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to happen to foreign particles that are not destroyed locally?

They are transported to the lymph nodes for processing. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Eosinophil and Basophil Development

Eosinophil metamyelocyte, polymorphonuclear eosinophil, and basophil myelocyte are stages in the development of granulocytes.
Granulocytes and monocytes originate in bone marrow, while lymphocytes and plasma cells are produced in lymphogenous tissues.

Chemotaxis in Inflammation

Inflammation triggers the formation of various chemotactic substances, including bacterial/viral toxins and tissue degeneration products.
Increased concentration gradients attract cells to inflamed areas through positive chemotaxis.
Some cells may move away from the source, known as negative chemotaxis.

Role of White Blood Cells

White blood cells (leukocytes) combat infections primarily through phagocytosis, especially performed by neutrophils and monocytes.
Opsonization enhances phagocytosis by marking pathogens for destruction.
Phagocytes selectively ingest particles to avoid damaging normal body cells.

Killing Mechanisms of Neutrophils and Macrophages

Neutrophils and macrophages use oxidizing agents (e.g., superoxide, hydrogen peroxide) for bacterial destruction.
Myeloperoxidase catalyzes the formation of hypochlorite, a potent bactericidal agent.

Characteristics of Inflammation

Acute inflammation is characterized by heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
Increased blood flow and vascular permeability contribute to these signs, allowing fluid to leak into interstitial spaces.

The Walling-Off Effect

Inflammation leads to "walling off" the injury site, restricting fluid flow and containing bacterial spread, allowing focused immune responses.

Tissue Macrophages as First Line of Defense

Tissue macrophages respond quickly to inflammation, initiating phagocytic activity within minutes.
Macrophages can proliferate in situ and migrate towards infection sites, enhancing immune response.

Types of Tissue Macrophages

Macrophages are found in various tissues, including:
- Skin and subcutaneous areas
- Lymph nodes, where they capture foreign particles
- Alveolar macrophages in the lungs, integral to alveolar walls

Myelogenous Leukemia (AML/CML)

Myelogenous leukemia involves the abnormal production of young myelogenous cells in the bone marrow, leading to widespread leukocyte production.
Affects the myeloid lineage, resulting in abnormal white blood cell and platelet production.

Effects of Leukemia

Leukemic cells can invade bone marrow, causing pain and fractures.
Common complications include severe anemia, increased infection risk, and bleeding tendency due to thrombocytopenia.
Metabolic demands from rapidly reproducing leukemic cells deplete body resources of nutrients.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the various types of eosinophils and basophils in the context of tissue inflammation. This quiz covers the roles of different blood cells such as eosinophil metamyelocytes and polymorphonuclear basophils in the inflammatory response.