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Questions and Answers
What is the normal range of hematocrit in adult females?
What is the normal range of hematocrit in adult females?
- 30% to 40%
- 35% to 45%
- 40% to 50%
- 38% to 46% (correct)
Which hormone regulates the production of red blood cells?
Which hormone regulates the production of red blood cells?
- Colony-stimulating factors
- Erythropoietin (correct)
- Intrinsic factor
- Thrombopoietin
What is the average diameter of a red blood cell?
What is the average diameter of a red blood cell?
- 7-8 microns (correct)
- 9-10 microns
- 5-6 microns
- 11-12 microns
What is the term for a deficiency of red blood cells?
What is the term for a deficiency of red blood cells?
What is the term for anemia caused by chronic blood loss?
What is the term for anemia caused by chronic blood loss?
What is the primary function of blood in the human body?
What is the primary function of blood in the human body?
What is necessary for the formation of red blood cells?
What is necessary for the formation of red blood cells?
What is the liquid portion of blood called?
What is the liquid portion of blood called?
What is the term for an inherited disorder characterized by abnormally shaped red blood cells?
What is the term for an inherited disorder characterized by abnormally shaped red blood cells?
What is the rate of red blood cell production?
What is the rate of red blood cell production?
What are the three families of blood cells?
What are the three families of blood cells?
What is the study of blood cells called?
What is the study of blood cells called?
What is the role of hematology laboratory tests?
What is the role of hematology laboratory tests?
Who relies on hematology laboratory test results to select and monitor therapy for blood disorders?
Who relies on hematology laboratory test results to select and monitor therapy for blood disorders?
What happens to the spherical cells when they are subjected to slight compression?
What happens to the spherical cells when they are subjected to slight compression?
What is the cause of sickle-cell anemia?
What is the cause of sickle-cell anemia?
How many major blood groups are there?
How many major blood groups are there?
What is the role of antigens in blood typing?
What is the role of antigens in blood typing?
What is the characteristic of O negative blood?
What is the characteristic of O negative blood?
What is the significance of the Rh factor?
What is the significance of the Rh factor?
What is the significance of AB positive blood?
What is the significance of AB positive blood?
What is the percentage of the population with O blood type?
What is the percentage of the population with O blood type?
What is the normal range of platelets in blood?
What is the normal range of platelets in blood?
What is the function of alpha granules in platelets?
What is the function of alpha granules in platelets?
What is the primary role of platelets in hemostasis?
What is the primary role of platelets in hemostasis?
What is the diameter of a platelet?
What is the diameter of a platelet?
What is the final stage of the blood clotting cascade?
What is the final stage of the blood clotting cascade?
What is the function of thrombin in the blood clotting cascade?
What is the function of thrombin in the blood clotting cascade?
What is the main function of neutrophils in the body?
What is the main function of neutrophils in the body?
What is the percentage of WBCs made up of eosinophils?
What is the percentage of WBCs made up of eosinophils?
What is the term for the formation of a stable blood clot?
What is the term for the formation of a stable blood clot?
What is the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood clotting?
What is the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood clotting?
What is the function of basophils in the body?
What is the function of basophils in the body?
What is the diameter of monocytes in the blood?
What is the diameter of monocytes in the blood?
What is the function of lymphocytes in the body?
What is the function of lymphocytes in the body?
What is the main function of platelets in the body?
What is the main function of platelets in the body?
What is the percentage of WBCs made up of lymphocytes?
What is the percentage of WBCs made up of lymphocytes?
What is the characteristic of neutrophils in terms of their nucleus?
What is the characteristic of neutrophils in terms of their nucleus?
What is the percentage of WBCs made up of monocytes?
What is the percentage of WBCs made up of monocytes?
What is the characteristic of eosinophils in terms of their granules?
What is the characteristic of eosinophils in terms of their granules?
Study Notes
Introduction to Hematology
- Hematology is the study of blood cells, including their production, function, and disorders.
- Blood is a liquid tissue that transports oxygen, nutrients, and wastes throughout the body.
- The average human has 5 liters of blood, which is composed of plasma and formed elements (blood cells).
Components of Normal Adult Blood
- The formed elements of blood include:
- Red blood cells (RBCs or erythrocytes)
- White blood cells (WBCs or leukocytes)
- Platelets (thrombocytes)
Formation of Blood Cells (Hemopoiesis)
- Blood cells are produced through the process of hemopoiesis, which is regulated by hormones:
- Erythropoietin (RBCs)
- Thrombopoietin (platelets)
- Colony-stimulating factors (WBCs)
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- Characteristics:
- Contain hemoglobin to carry oxygen
- 4.8-5.4 million RBCs per microliter
- Produced at a rate of 2 million per second
- Lack a nucleus (anucleate)
- Biconcave disk shape to increase surface-to-volume ratio
- Diameter of 7-8 microns
Changes in Hemoglobin
- Anemia: a deficiency of RBCs or hemoglobin
- Types of anemia:
- Blood loss anemia
- Microcytic hypochromic anemia
- Aplastic anemia
- Pernicious anemia
- Hemolytic anemia
- Sickle-cell anemia: a genetic disorder causing abnormal hemoglobin
Blood Types and Blood Banking
- ABO blood group system:
- Four main groups: A, B, AB, and O
- Inherited from parents
- Antigens and antibodies determine blood type
- Rh factor:
- Found on the surface of RBCs
- Can be positive or negative
- Phenotypically positive or negative
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
- Types of WBCs:
- Granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils)
- Lymphocytes (B cells and T cells)
- Monocytes
- Functions:
- Phagocytosis
- Antibody production
- Cellular immunity
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
- Characteristics:
- Smallest cells in the blood
- Formed from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow
- Normal range: 130,000-400,000 per microliter
- Functions:
- Coagulation and hemostasis
- Release of coagulation factors
Hemostasis and Blood Clotting
- Process of stopping bleeding:
- Vascular phase
- Platelet phase
- Coagulation phase
- Clotting cascade:
- Intrinsic pathway (slow acting)
- Common pathway
- Extrinsic pathway (fast acting)
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Description
Learn about the basics of hematology, including the functions of blood and its components. Explore the role of plasma and its importance in circulation.
