WBC

<p>Patches of dilated endoplasmic reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G-CSF (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic nonspecific lymphadenitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of TNF and IL1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trivial injuries in extremities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoantibodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swollen grey-red lymph nodes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of necrotic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute Nonspecific Lymphadenitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulation of hematopoietic growth factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generalized swelling of lymph nodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of mesenteric lymph node involvement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3-4 times the size of resting lymphocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea and vomiting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myeloid neoplasms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute febrile illness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased production of one or more terminally differentiated myeloid elements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may be involved in hemophagocytosis and immune dysregulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breast cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperglycemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomal translocations and acquired mutations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suppression of hematopoiesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapidly enlarging mass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>t(8;14) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Starry sky appearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CD20 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>t(11;14) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children and young adults (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High mitotic index (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>BCL2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large prominent nucleoli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T-cell immunodeficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CD10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Localized pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Originate from infection with acute viral pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Massive splenomegaly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CD25 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase Contrast Microscopy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Age above 60 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reniform or oblong nuclei enmeshed in extracellular matrix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acquisition of mutations leading to DLBCL over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CD2 and CD3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obliteration of white pulp with infiltration of red pulp (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monocytopenia leading to increased infection risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Philadelphia chromosome translocation (9;22) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperuricemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obliteration of the marrow space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Throbbing and burning pain in extremities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential Thrombocytosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proliferation of dendritic cells or macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>JAK2 V617F (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth factor receptor signaling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normochromic normocytic anemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary Myelofibrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multifocal Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polycythemia Vera (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased platelet counts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysplastic megakaryocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A condition characterized by abnormal blood cell production and insufficient cell development, often in the bone marrow, leading to inadequate red blood cells.

A rapid onset of low neutrophil (a type of white blood cell) count with unknown cause.

A significant reduction or absence of granulocytes (a type of white blood cell) in the blood, potentially due to medications.

A type of cancer characterized by an abnormal build-up of a specific type of white blood cell (lymphocyte).

An excessively increased amount of white blood cells in the blood.

Rapid onset infection.

A bone marrow with decreased number of cells.

Inflammation of lymph nodes, not linked to a specific source.

Products found in infections of the teeth, tonsils, or extremities (axillary/inguinal) in Kawasaki disease.

Coarser, darker granules in neutrophils, indicative of abnormal primary granules.

Patches of dilated endoplasmic reticulum in neutrophils, appearing as blue cytoplasmic puddles.

Lymph nodes in the mesentery, seen in acute appendicitis or gut inflammation.

Nontender, slowly enlarging lymph nodes, common in inguinal/axillary nodes.

Macrophages in lymph nodes contain particulate debris from dead bacteria and necrotic cells indicating an inflammatory process.

Follicularization (formation of follicles) may be seen in extranodal tissues due to chronic infections.

B-cells originating from memory B-cells, commonly found in chronic inflammatory conditions like Helicobacter gastritis, Sjogren's Syndrome, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. They persist in tissues for prolonged periods and can regress with the eradication of the inciting agent. However, they can also mutate and transform into aggressive DLBCL.

A rare type of leukemia primarily affecting middle-aged white males. It is characterized by the presence of leukemic cells with fine hair-like projections, best seen under phase contrast microscopy.

Leukemic cells in Hairy Cell Leukemia exhibit fine hair-like projections visible under phase contrast microscopy. Their nuclei are often round, oblong, or kidney-shaped (reniform), and their cytoplasm has a pale blue color.

In Hairy Cell Leukemia, the bone marrow is infiltrated by leukemic cells, leading to a 'dry tap' - difficulty obtaining bone marrow aspirate due to thickened marrow.

Hairy Cell Leukemia typically causes massive splenomegaly. The white pulp of the spleen is obliterated, and the red pulp is infiltrated by leukemic cells.

Hairy Cell Leukemia is often associated with activating point mutations in the BRAF gene, a serine/threonine kinase involved in cell signaling.

Hairy Cell Leukemia typically has an indolent course. The most common symptom is massive splenomegaly, along with pancytopenia (low blood cell counts) and a risk of atypical mycobacterial infections.

A type of mature T-cell lymphoma with unknown subtype. It typically expresses CD2, CD3, CD5, and either αβ or γδ T-cell receptors.

CD23+ cells are characteristically associated with chronic inflammatory disorders, persist in tissues for extended periods prior to systemic spread, and can regress if the inciting agent is eradicated. However, they can also mutate and transform into aggressive DLBCL.

A reactive condition marked by low blood cell counts and systemic inflammation due to macrophage activation.

Macrophages and CD8+ T cells trigger phagocytosis of blood cells, releasing inflammatory mediators that suppress blood cell production and cause systemic inflammation.

Often EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) or T-cell lymphomas, with immune dysregulation.

Acute fever, enlarged liver and spleen, cytopenias (low blood counts), increased inflammation markers, and potential complications.

Characterized by the presence of immunoblasts and activated T cells.

Cancer of the blood from immature progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

Increased production of terminally differentiated myeloid cells in the blood (increased counts).

Originate from cells of the lymphatic system: B-, T-, or Natural Killer cells.

Chromosomal translocations, acquired mutations, oncogene activation, and inherited genetic factors.

A type of lymphoma showing specific histological features.

Lymphoma forms discrete tissue masses, whereas leukemia involves the bone marrow and/or blood.

Enlarged lymph nodes (2cm+) are a common presentation.

Characterized by ineffective blood cell production and low blood counts.

The most common form of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized by large, rapidly growing cells with a diffuse pattern.

A ring of lymphoid tissue located in the back of the throat, often involved in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

A gene that regulates B-cell development, often dysregulated in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

A gene that prevents cell death, often overexpressed in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

A proto-oncogene involved in cell growth, often translocated in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma, leading to overproduction of MYC protein.

Small cells with cleaved nuclei, found in normal lymph nodes.

Larger cells present during B-cell development, often in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL/SLL).

A pattern of growth in lymphoma where cells spread extensively.

A very aggressive B-cell lymphoma characterized by a high mitotic rate and starry sky appearance.

A pattern in Burkitt Lymphoma where numerous apoptotic cells are phagocytosed by macrophages, giving a starry sky look.

A type of B-cell lymphoma that often involves the mantle zone of lymph nodes.

A protein involved in cell cycle regulation. Overexpression of Cyclin D1 is associated with Mantle Cell Lymphoma.

A type of B-cell lymphoma that arises in marginal zones of lymph nodes and other tissues.

A special type of Marginal Zone Lymphoma that often involves mucosal sites, like the stomach.

A specific chromosomal abnormality found in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), resulting from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22.

A type of blood cancer characterized by excessive production of white blood cells, specifically granulocytes.

An aggressive stage of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) characterized by a high percentage of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the blood.

A rare blood disorder characterized by an increase in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets (panmyelosis) due to increased bone marrow production.

Elevated uric acid levels in the blood, a common complication of polycythemia vera due to rapid cell turnover.

A blood disorder marked by a significant increase in platelets due to a genetic mutation affecting JAK-STAT signaling.

A characteristic symptom of essential thrombocytosis involving throbbing and burning pain in the hands and feet due to small blood vessel occlusion.

A rare blood disorder where excessive fibrosis (scarring) in the bone marrow leads to decreased blood cell production and symptoms like anemia and bleeding.

Blood cell production outside of the bone marrow, often seen in conditions like myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera.

A rare group of disorders characterized by the abnormal proliferation of Langerhans cells, a type of immune cell.

A severe, multisystemic form of Langerhans cell histiocytosis that typically presents in infants under two years old.

A common genetic mutation found in Langerhans cell histiocytosis, affecting the BRAF gene.

A less severe form of LCH affecting only one or a few organs, often the bones or skin.

A form of Langerhans cell histiocytosis that affects multiple sites within a single organ system.

Management often involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or surgery depending on the severity and location of the disease.