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Questions and Answers
What are the main stages in the life cycle of helminthes?
What are the main stages in the life cycle of helminthes?
- Sperm, zygote, larval stage, and adult
- Fertilized egg, larval stage, and adults (correct)
- Egg, juvenile, mature, and senescent
- Embryo, larval, pupa, and adult
What characteristic defines dioecious organisms?
What characteristic defines dioecious organisms?
- They have multiple reproductive partners.
- They possess both male and female reproductive organs.
- They reproduce asexually.
- They have separate male and female sexes. (correct)
Which class of the Phylum Platyhelminthes primarily includes endoparasites with a flattened leaf-like shape?
Which class of the Phylum Platyhelminthes primarily includes endoparasites with a flattened leaf-like shape?
- Class Monogenea
- Class Trematoda (correct)
- Class Turbellaria
- Class Cestoda
What distinguishes hermaphroditic organisms?
What distinguishes hermaphroditic organisms?
What is the role of a transport host in the life cycle of helminthes?
What is the role of a transport host in the life cycle of helminthes?
What is the role of the snail in the life cycle of Clonorchis sinensis?
What is the role of the snail in the life cycle of Clonorchis sinensis?
What occurs after the cercaria larvae escape the snail?
What occurs after the cercaria larvae escape the snail?
Which symptom is NOT associated with infection by Clonorchis sinensis?
Which symptom is NOT associated with infection by Clonorchis sinensis?
What happens when humans consume fish infected with Clonorchis sinensis?
What happens when humans consume fish infected with Clonorchis sinensis?
Which process occurs changes the miracidium larva while it is inside the freshwater snail?
Which process occurs changes the miracidium larva while it is inside the freshwater snail?
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Study Notes
Helminth Life Cycle
- Stages include fertilized egg (embryo), larval, and adult stages.
- Organisms can be dioecious (separate sexes) or hermaphroditic (both male and female reproductive organs in one organism).
- Transport hosts experience no parasitic development.
Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
- Includes two classes: Trematoda and Cestoda.
Class Trematoda (Flukes)
- Many are flattened, leaf-like endoparasites.
Class Cestoda (Tapeworms)
- No further details provided in text.
Clonorchis sinensis Life Cycle
- Clonorchis sinensis is a hermaphrodite.
- Eggs are passed in human feces.
- Eggs hatch into miracidium larvae.
- Freshwater snails are intermediate hosts, undergoing several larval stages (miracidium → sporocyst → redia → cercaria).
- Cercaria larvae escape the snail and encyst in fish muscle tissue. Fish are the transport hosts.
- Humans become infected by consuming raw or undercooked infected fish.
- In the human intestine, the larvae penetrate the intestinal mucosa and migrate to the bile ducts.
- Mature worms reproduce and lay eggs, continuing the cycle.
Symptoms of Infection
- Fatigue
- Abdominal discomfort
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
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