Hellenic and Hellenistic Greece Overview

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Questions and Answers

What was a significant outcome of the Persian Wars during Hellenic Greece?

  • The dissolution of the concept of the Polis
  • The rise of tyrannical governments in most city-states
  • The strengthening of democratic regimes, especially in Athens (correct)
  • The establishment of a federal system among city-states

Which factor contributed to the political unity among Greek city-states during Hellenic Greece?

  • Rivalries fostering coalitions between city-states
  • Adoption of a common language, customs, and religion (correct)
  • Similar geographical landscapes
  • Creation of a dominant empire in the region

What was a key development in Hellenistic Greece following the conquests of Alexander the Great?

  • The emergence of a centralized Spartan rule
  • The establishment of new cities like Alexandria (correct)
  • The decline of Greek civilization and culture
  • A return to independent city-state governance

Which of the following periods does Athenian democracy notably reach its peak?

<p>Under the leadership of Pericles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What form of government was common among Greek city-states by 600 B.C.?

<p>Democratic, oligarchic, and tyrannic forms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of religious worship among the Aegean people?

<p>Nature worship and masculine forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Greek religion, what role did the priesthood play?

<p>Regular community members without distinct status (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did city-states respond to conflicts during the Hellenistic period under Macedon?

<p>A federal system was imposed to resolve conflicts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Athenian Democracy

A system of government in ancient Greece where citizens had the right to participate in decision-making through assemblies and councils.

Hellenistic Period

A period in ancient Greek history marked by the rise and spread of Greek culture, language, and ideas throughout the Mediterranean and Middle East.

Polis

A strong, independent city-state in ancient Greece, known for its advanced democratic system and cultural achievements.

Unification of Greece

The unification of the Greek city-states by Philip II and his son Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC.

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Forms of Government in Ancient Greece

The emergence of various government systems in Greek city-states, including oligarchies, tyrannies, and democracies.

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Ancient Greek Religion

The belief system of the ancient Greeks, characterized by the worship of nature, gods, heroes, and the natural phenomena.

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The Persian Wars

The Persian Wars in the 5th century BC, which resulted in the defeat of the Persian Empire and the rise of Athens as a dominant power.

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Hellenic Period

The period in ancient Greek history from the 8th to the 4th century BC, marked by the rise of the city-state, the development of democracy, and significant artistic and philosophical achievements.

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Study Notes

Hellenic Greece (800-323 B.C.)

  • City-states ("Polis") emerged as the foundation of Greek society in the 8th century B.C.
  • Greeks adopted a Phoenician alphabet.
  • Political unity was somewhat countered by shared language, customs, and religion.
  • Population growth led to emigration and the establishment of new cities, particularly in Sicily and Southern Italy.
  • By 600 B.C., city-states developed various forms of government (oligarchic, tyrannical, democratic)
  • War and conflict (e.g., Persian wars) led to a period of democratic development and growth.
  • The rule of Pericles (444-429 B.C.) represented a highpoint of Athenian prosperity and building. This led to remarkable architectural achievements.
  • The 5th century B.C. saw a surge in philosophy and scientific thought, alongside political and military activity.

Hellenistic Greece (323-30 B.C.)

  • Spartan dominance was brief.
  • Greece experienced attempts by city-states to dominate the region, resulting in conflicts and shifting power dynamics.
  • Macedonian unification under Philip and Alexander the Great created a vast empire by conquering Persia, Egypt, and reaching the Punjab.
  • Alexander’s conquests led to the expansion of Greek culture and the creation of new cities (e.g., Alexandria).
  • The center of the Greek world shifted eastward, with the decline of Western influence.

Religious Beliefs of the "Aegeans"

  • Religion began as nature worship.
  • Early stages included masculine force (e.g., sacred bull) and fertility gods (e.g., Rhea).
  • The supreme deity, Rhea, was a fertility/mother goddess.
  • Rituals, ceremonies, sacred games, and dances were common.
  • Greek Gods often were personifications of natural elements or heroes.
  • Religions was highly localized with variations based on specific areas and city-states.
  • Priests and priestesses were not part of a separate class; they were community members.

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