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Questions and Answers
What are the factors that can affect moral development according to Kohlberg's stages of Moral Development?
Which of the following is NOT an example of moral behavior/beliefs mentioned in the text?
What is the main issue resolved in the Freudian concept of superego and moral feeling?
According to Erikson, what is the last stage of moral development in adulthood?
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What are some positive emotions that can influence an adolescent's moral compass?
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Which of the following is an example of a social domain as per the text?
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What term is defined as 'principles or standards of behaviour; one's judgement of what is important in life'?
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In the context of values in life, what type of relationship in East and Southeast Asia is governed by shame and relies on personal power and authority for enforcement?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 types of parental discipline techniques mentioned in the text for moral development in youths?
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In moral development at school, what is the earlier approach that involves a pervasive moral atmosphere generated by school rules, teachers' moral orientation, and text materials?
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Which theory of moral development is associated with Kohlberg?
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'Heinz Dilemma' is commonly used to assess moral reasoning and ethical decision-making. What aspect of morality does this dilemma primarily address?
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At what age do children typically reach Level 2, Conventional Morality, according to Kohlberg?
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In which stage of Level 2, Conventional Morality, do individuals become more concerned with respecting authority and maintaining social order?
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What is the focus of Stage 5 in Level 3, Post-Conventional morality?
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What do children evaluate in Stage 3 of Conventional Morality according to Kohlberg’s theory?
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At what stage do individuals begin to act according to their own internalized standards of morality, even if it contradicts established laws?
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What is a characteristic of children at Stage 3 in Conventional Morality?
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Study Notes
Moral Development
- Moral development is affected by reinforcement, punishment, imitation of adult moral models, and moral dilemmas.
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
- Level 2: Conventional Morality (ages 10-13)
- Evaluate morality based on person's motives behind behavior
- Consider different circumstances when deciding if an act is moral or not
- Want to help others, judge others' intentions, and develop own ideas regarding morality
- Level 3: Post-Conventional Morality (early adolescence or young adulthood)
- Value the will of the majority and well-being of society
- Believe following the law is important
- Act according to internalized standards of morality, even if contradicting laws
Moral Feeling
- Freud: Superego develops after resolving the Oedipus conflict, internalizing parent's standards of right and wrong
- Two components of superego:
- Ego ideal: Standards approved by parents
- Conscience: Behaviors disapproved by parents
Erikson's Three Stages of Moral Development
- Specific moral learning (childhood)
- Ideological concerns (adolescence)
- Ethical consolidation (adulthood)
Modern Take on Moral Development
- Positive emotions: empathy, sympathy, admiration, and self-esteem
- Negative emotions: anger, outrage, shame, and guilt
- Regulations of these emotions guide an adolescent's moral compass
Social Domain
- Social Conventional Reasoning: Rules set by social convention
- Examples: standing on escalator
Values
- Principles or standards of behavior; judgment of what is important in life
- Universalistic statements about what is desirable or attractive
- Principles that give life meaning and perseverance through adversity
Networked Relations and Guanxi Relations
- Networked relations:
- Based on self-interest
- Relationships viewed for immediate gains
- Enforcement relies on institutional law
- Governed by guilt (internal pressures on performance)
- Guanxi relations:
- Based on reciprocation
- Relationships meant to be long-term and enduring
- Enforcement relies on personal power and authority
- Governed by shame (external pressures on performance)
Contexts of Moral Development
- Family:
- 3 types of parental discipline techniques:
- Love withdrawal
- Power assertion
- Induction
- 3 types of parental discipline techniques:
- School:
- Earlier approach: The hidden curriculum
- Contemporary approach:
- Education: Character building, value clarification, cognitive moral education
- Students follow rules out of self-interest
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Description
Test your knowledge on Heinz Dilemma and Kohlberg's stages of Moral Development with this interactive animation quiz. Explore how moral behavior is influenced by reinforcement, punishment, and adult models. Learn about moral feelings, altruism, empathy, and more.
