Heat Transfer in the Earth's Mantle
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the point directly above the earthquake focus?

  • Earthquake focus
  • Seismal zone
  • Epicenter (correct)
  • Fault line
  • What is the primary method of determining earthquake intensity?

  • Earthquake foci measurements
  • Structural damage observation
  • Human reactions to Earth's movement (correct)
  • Instruments measuring seismic waves
  • At what depth does the lower boundary of earthquake foci occur?

  • 1000 km
  • 700 km (correct)
  • 300 km
  • 500 km
  • What is the primary advantage of using earthquake intensity assessments?

    <p>Ability to assign intensities to historical earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the zone where earthquake foci are confined?

    <p>Upper Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the earthquake focus?

    <p>The point where pressure builds along a fault line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the historical record in earthquake studies?

    <p>It helps in assigning intensities to historical earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor in determining earthquake intensity?

    <p>Human reactions to Earth's movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about earthquake foci?

    <p>They are confined to a limited zone of the upper Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of earthquake intensity assessments?

    <p>To determine the severity of an earthquake at a particular location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Earth's Mantle and Conduction

    • Conduction is the heat transfer that occurs through rapid collision of atoms, which can only happen in solid materials.
    • The mantle is hot mostly because of heat conducted from the core.

    Internal Structure of the Earth

    • The core is the very hot and dense center of the planet, making up about 31% of the Earth's mass.
    • The core is mostly iron metal and is the center of the planet.
    • The deepest earthquakes occur within the core of the Earth.

    Plate Tectonics

    • The lithosphere is divided into a number of smaller parts called "tectonic plates".
    • Plate tectonics move and interact with one another, driven by convectional forces within the Earth.
    • The movements and interactions of these plates produce earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain ranges, ocean trenches, and other geological processes and features.

    Types of Plate Boundaries

    • Divergent boundary: a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other.
    • Convergent boundary: locations where lithospheric plates are moving towards one another.
    • Transform boundary: occurs when two tectonic plates move past one another.

    Earthquakes

    • Earthquakes occur when there is a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, usually as a result of tectonic plate movement.
    • The epicenter of an earthquake is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the place where the earthquake occurs.
    • Seismic waves created by an earthquake vary and can travel up to 2 miles per second.

    Types of Seismic Waves

    • Body waves: consists of P and S waves.
    • Surface waves: consists of Love and Rayleigh waves.

    Seismology

    • Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves that move through and around the Earth.
    • A seismologist is a scientist who studies earthquakes and seismic waves.

    Earthquake Focus and Intensity

    • The focus of an earthquake is where pressure builds along a fault line which fails deep underneath the crust of the Earth.
    • The intensity of an earthquake is used to determine its severity at a particular location as determined by human reactions to Earth's movement, observed damage to structures, and observation of other physical effects.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the different methods of heat transfer in the Earth's mantle, including conduction and convection.

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