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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the point directly above the earthquake focus?
What is the term for the point directly above the earthquake focus?
What is the primary method of determining earthquake intensity?
What is the primary method of determining earthquake intensity?
At what depth does the lower boundary of earthquake foci occur?
At what depth does the lower boundary of earthquake foci occur?
What is the primary advantage of using earthquake intensity assessments?
What is the primary advantage of using earthquake intensity assessments?
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What is the term for the zone where earthquake foci are confined?
What is the term for the zone where earthquake foci are confined?
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What is the earthquake focus?
What is the earthquake focus?
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What is the significance of the historical record in earthquake studies?
What is the significance of the historical record in earthquake studies?
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What is the primary factor in determining earthquake intensity?
What is the primary factor in determining earthquake intensity?
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What is true about earthquake foci?
What is true about earthquake foci?
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What is the primary purpose of earthquake intensity assessments?
What is the primary purpose of earthquake intensity assessments?
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Study Notes
Earth's Mantle and Conduction
- Conduction is the heat transfer that occurs through rapid collision of atoms, which can only happen in solid materials.
- The mantle is hot mostly because of heat conducted from the core.
Internal Structure of the Earth
- The core is the very hot and dense center of the planet, making up about 31% of the Earth's mass.
- The core is mostly iron metal and is the center of the planet.
- The deepest earthquakes occur within the core of the Earth.
Plate Tectonics
- The lithosphere is divided into a number of smaller parts called "tectonic plates".
- Plate tectonics move and interact with one another, driven by convectional forces within the Earth.
- The movements and interactions of these plates produce earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain ranges, ocean trenches, and other geological processes and features.
Types of Plate Boundaries
- Divergent boundary: a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other.
- Convergent boundary: locations where lithospheric plates are moving towards one another.
- Transform boundary: occurs when two tectonic plates move past one another.
Earthquakes
- Earthquakes occur when there is a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, usually as a result of tectonic plate movement.
- The epicenter of an earthquake is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the place where the earthquake occurs.
- Seismic waves created by an earthquake vary and can travel up to 2 miles per second.
Types of Seismic Waves
- Body waves: consists of P and S waves.
- Surface waves: consists of Love and Rayleigh waves.
Seismology
- Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves that move through and around the Earth.
- A seismologist is a scientist who studies earthquakes and seismic waves.
Earthquake Focus and Intensity
- The focus of an earthquake is where pressure builds along a fault line which fails deep underneath the crust of the Earth.
- The intensity of an earthquake is used to determine its severity at a particular location as determined by human reactions to Earth's movement, observed damage to structures, and observation of other physical effects.
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Description
This quiz explores the different methods of heat transfer in the Earth's mantle, including conduction and convection.