Podcast
Questions and Answers
Vertebrate paleontology is the study of the fossil record of animals with ______
Vertebrate paleontology is the study of the fossil record of animals with ______
backbones
Invertebrate paleontology focuses on animals that lack ______
Invertebrate paleontology focuses on animals that lack ______
backbones
Invertebrate animals include sponges, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, molluscs, arthropods, echinoderms, and ______
Invertebrate animals include sponges, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, molluscs, arthropods, echinoderms, and ______
graptolites
Paleobotany deals with the recovery and identification of plant remains from geological contexts to reconstruct past environments and the evolutionary history of ______
Paleobotany deals with the recovery and identification of plant remains from geological contexts to reconstruct past environments and the evolutionary history of ______
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Palynology is the study of microscopic fragments of organisms composed of acid-resistant organic material found in sediments, sedimentary rocks, and metasedimentary rocks, including mega and ______
Palynology is the study of microscopic fragments of organisms composed of acid-resistant organic material found in sediments, sedimentary rocks, and metasedimentary rocks, including mega and ______
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Mining Geology involves the application of geology to mining engineering for selecting suitable sites for quarrying and mines, combining principles of economic geology and mining engineering to develop defined ______ resources
Mining Geology involves the application of geology to mining engineering for selecting suitable sites for quarrying and mines, combining principles of economic geology and mining engineering to develop defined ______ resources
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The Transition zone is a region in the mantle where high-pressure conditions lead to changes in mineral ______
The Transition zone is a region in the mantle where high-pressure conditions lead to changes in mineral ______
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The Lower Mantle is composed of silicate minerals in a solid state due to high pressures, even though temperatures are ______
The Lower Mantle is composed of silicate minerals in a solid state due to high pressures, even though temperatures are ______
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At the planet’s center, a dense metallic ______ lies
At the planet’s center, a dense metallic ______ lies
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The Inner Core is solid and composed mainly of iron and ______
The Inner Core is solid and composed mainly of iron and ______
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The Outer Core is primarily composed of liquid iron and ______
The Outer Core is primarily composed of liquid iron and ______
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Continental drift describes one of the earliest ways geologists thought continents moved over ______
Continental drift describes one of the earliest ways geologists thought continents moved over ______
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The stress that separated all the continents in the world is called ________.
The stress that separated all the continents in the world is called ________.
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Exogenic processes are influenced by gravity, water, wind, and ________.
Exogenic processes are influenced by gravity, water, wind, and ________.
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Erosion is a process where rock debris or soil are moved due to rainfall, surface runoff, flooding, freezing, hurricane, and ________.
Erosion is a process where rock debris or soil are moved due to rainfall, surface runoff, flooding, freezing, hurricane, and ________.
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Mass wasting is the movement of large masses of materials due to the pull of ________.
Mass wasting is the movement of large masses of materials due to the pull of ________.
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Sedimentation is the buildup of materials such as soil, rock fragments, and soil particles settling on the ________.
Sedimentation is the buildup of materials such as soil, rock fragments, and soil particles settling on the ________.
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Weathering is the disintegration of rocks, soil, and minerals through contact with the earth's ________.
Weathering is the disintegration of rocks, soil, and minerals through contact with the earth's ________.
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Ocean engineering is instrumental in helping preserve coastal structures from ______
Ocean engineering is instrumental in helping preserve coastal structures from ______
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Engineers design ships and offshore structures to withstand challenging sea environments, considering factors like waves, currents, and ______
Engineers design ships and offshore structures to withstand challenging sea environments, considering factors like waves, currents, and ______
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Rivers erode, transport, and deposit sediments, influencing the formation of ______
Rivers erode, transport, and deposit sediments, influencing the formation of ______
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Wind erosion shapes ______ and transports particles
Wind erosion shapes ______ and transports particles
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The shaking caused by movements in Earth’s outermost layer is known as an ______
The shaking caused by movements in Earth’s outermost layer is known as an ______
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Faults are fractures in rocks caused by ______ or the push-pull on the crust
Faults are fractures in rocks caused by ______ or the push-pull on the crust
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The driving force behind Earth's internal heat is the mantle's 'THERMAL ______', which mostly originated from the decay of radioactive elements in the Earth's core.
The driving force behind Earth's internal heat is the mantle's 'THERMAL ______', which mostly originated from the decay of radioactive elements in the Earth's core.
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Magma is the original material that make up ______ rock.
Magma is the original material that make up ______ rock.
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Volcanism occurs because of Earth's internal ______, and is associated with tectonic processes and a part of the rock cycle.
Volcanism occurs because of Earth's internal ______, and is associated with tectonic processes and a part of the rock cycle.
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Volcanic eruptions occur when molten lava reaches the ______ of the Earth.
Volcanic eruptions occur when molten lava reaches the ______ of the Earth.
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Due to endogenic processes igneous and ______ rocks are formed.
Due to endogenic processes igneous and ______ rocks are formed.
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Compressional stress is usually what take place in folding which result in ______ building.
Compressional stress is usually what take place in folding which result in ______ building.
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Study Notes
Vertebrate and Invertebrate Paleontology
- Vertebrate paleontology studies the fossil record of animals with backbones.
- Invertebrate paleontology focuses on animals that lack backbones.
- Invertebrate animals include sponges, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, molluscs, arthropods, echinoderms, and worms.
Paleobotany and Palynology
- Paleobotany deals with the recovery and identification of plant remains from geological contexts to reconstruct past environments and the evolutionary history of plants.
- Palynology is the study of microscopic fragments of organisms composed of acid-resistant organic material found in sediments, sedimentary rocks, and metasedimentary rocks, including mega and microfossils.
Mining Geology
- Mining geology involves the application of geology to mining engineering for selecting suitable sites for quarrying and mines, combining principles of economic geology and mining engineering to develop defined mineral resources.
Earth's Structure
- The Transition zone is a region in the mantle where high-pressure conditions lead to changes in mineral composition.
- The Lower Mantle is composed of silicate minerals in a solid state due to high pressures, even though temperatures are high.
- At the planet's center, a dense metallic iron-nickel alloy lies.
- The Inner Core is solid and composed mainly of iron and nickel.
- The Outer Core is primarily composed of liquid iron and nickel.
Plate Tectonics
- Continental drift describes one of the earliest ways geologists thought continents moved over time.
- The stress that separated all the continents in the world is called tectonic stress.
Geological Processes
- Exogenic processes are influenced by gravity, water, wind, and ice.
- Erosion is a process where rock debris or soil are moved due to rainfall, surface runoff, flooding, freezing, hurricane, and glaciers.
- Mass wasting is the movement of large masses of materials due to the pull of gravity.
- Sedimentation is the buildup of materials such as soil, rock fragments, and soil particles settling on the seafloor.
- Weathering is the disintegration of rocks, soil, and minerals through contact with the earth's atmosphere.
Ocean Engineering
- Ocean engineering is instrumental in helping preserve coastal structures from erosion and flooding.
- Engineers design ships and offshore structures to withstand challenging sea environments, considering factors like waves, currents, and tides.
Rivers and Wind
- Rivers erode, transport, and deposit sediments, influencing the formation of deltas.
- Wind erosion shapes dunes and transports particles.
Earthquakes and Faults
- The shaking caused by movements in Earth's outermost layer is known as an earthquake.
- Faults are fractures in rocks caused by tectonic stress or the push-pull on the crust.
Magma and Volcanism
- The driving force behind Earth's internal heat is the mantle's thermal energy, which mostly originated from the decay of radioactive elements in the Earth's core.
- Magma is the original material that makes up igneous rock.
- Volcanism occurs because of Earth's internal heat, and is associated with tectonic processes and a part of the rock cycle.
- Volcanic eruptions occur when molten lava reaches the surface of the Earth.
Rock Formation
- Due to endogenic processes, igneous and metamorphic rocks are formed.
- Compressional stress is usually what takes place in folding, which results in mountain building.
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Description
Learn about Earth's internal heat and magmatism in the context of Geology for Civil Engineers course. Understand how the mantle's thermal energy drives endogenic processes like magmatism, which is responsible for the formation of magma and igneous rocks.
