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Questions and Answers
State the term used to describe the process of heat transfer illustrated in the diagram.
State the term used to describe the process of heat transfer illustrated in the diagram.
thermal radiation
Calculate the final temperature of 1 m^2 of concrete after 2 hours.
Calculate the final temperature of 1 m^2 of concrete after 2 hours.
16.5 ºC
State whether the thermal energy of R–134a increases or decreases when the gas is pressurised.
State whether the thermal energy of R–134a increases or decreases when the gas is pressurised.
increases
State the term used to describe the transition from gas to liquid.
State the term used to describe the transition from gas to liquid.
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Define the latent heat of vaporisation.
Define the latent heat of vaporisation.
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Convert a boiling point of 246.85 K to ºC.
Convert a boiling point of 246.85 K to ºC.
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Calculate the increase in volume of 120 mL of R–134a when the temperature increases by 20ºC.
Calculate the increase in volume of 120 mL of R–134a when the temperature increases by 20ºC.
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Describe how the emission of thermal radiation lowers blood temperature.
Describe how the emission of thermal radiation lowers blood temperature.
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Describe and explain how evaporation reduces the temperature of blood beneath the skin.
Describe and explain how evaporation reduces the temperature of blood beneath the skin.
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Describe how the process prevents a giraffe from overheating.
Describe how the process prevents a giraffe from overheating.
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Describe and explain the function of expansion joints on a bridge.
Describe and explain the function of expansion joints on a bridge.
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Convert 45°C to units of °F.
Convert 45°C to units of °F.
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Calculate the quantity of heat transferred to the water.
Calculate the quantity of heat transferred to the water.
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State what is meant by thermal equilibrium.
State what is meant by thermal equilibrium.
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Calculate the temperature reached by the copper in the flame.
Calculate the temperature reached by the copper in the flame.
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State the other piece of data needed to calculate the energy used to produce steam.
State the other piece of data needed to calculate the energy used to produce steam.
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Study Notes
Heat Transfer
- Heat transfer can occur through conduction, radiation, and convection.
- Conduction is the transfer of heat between objects in physical contact.
- Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.
- Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids.
Solar Heating and Air Movement
- Solar heating causes air to expand and rise, creating an area of low pressure near the surface.
- This leads to the movement of air from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas.
Specific Heat Capacity
- The specific heat capacity of a material is the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of 1 kg of the material by 1°C.
- The specific heat capacity of concrete is 880 J/kg°C.
- The specific heat capacity of grass is 800 J/kg°C.
Refrigeration
- The refrigeration process involves the compression of a gas, which increases its temperature.
- The pressurized gas is then forced into coils, where it transfers heat to the outside air through conduction.
- The phase of the gas changes from gas to liquid as heat is transferred to the outside air.
- The term used to describe the transition from gas to liquid is condensation.
Latent Heat of Vaporisation
- The latent heat of vaporisation is the energy required to change the phase of a substance from liquid to gas.
- The latent heat of vaporisation of R-134a is 2.17 x 10^5 J/kg.
Coefficient of Volume Expansion
- The coefficient of volume expansion of a material is the change in volume per unit change in temperature.
- The coefficient of volume expansion of R-134a is 3.24 x 10^-3 °C^-1.
Giraffe Adaptations
- Giraffes have adaptations to help them survive in the desert, such as networks of blood vessels that bring warm blood to the skin.
- Heat is transferred from the blood to the skin through thermal radiation.
- Evaporation of water on the skin cools the blood beneath the skin.
Bridges and Expansion Joints
- Expansion joints on bridges allow for the expansion and contraction of the bridge material with changes in temperature.
- The coefficient of linear expansion of steel is 12 x 10^-6 °C^-1.
Temperature Measurement
- Thermal equilibrium is the state in which the temperatures of two or more systems are equal.
- The specific heat capacity of water is 4180 J/kg°C.
- The specific heat capacity of copper is 390 J/kg°C.
Latent Heat of Vaporisation and Steam
- The latent heat of vaporisation of steam is 2.25 x 10^6 J/kg.
- The energy used to produce steam can be calculated by measuring the mass of steam produced and the temperature of the steam.
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Description
Quiz on heat transfer process, specific heat capacities, and thermal energy concepts, with a diagram illustrating solar heating's effect on air movement.
