Heat Engine, Refrigerator, and Heat Pump Principles
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Questions and Answers

Which law of thermodynamics is concerned with the conservation of energy?

  • Third Law
  • Zeroth Law
  • Second Law
  • First Law (correct)

    • What does the First Law of Thermodynamics alone not guarantee regarding a process?

  • Increase in entropy
  • Conservation of mass
  • Occurrence of the process (correct)
  • Efficiency of the process

    • Which concept is NOT explained by the First Law of Thermodynamics?

  • Conservation of energy
  • Spontaneity of a process (correct)
  • Direction of a process
  • Possibility of heat transfer from low to high temperature bodies

    • Why is heat transfer from a low temperature body to a high temperature body practically infeasible?

    <p>It violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law addresses the spontaneity of a thermodynamic process?

    <p>Second Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one aspect that the First Law of Thermodynamics allows but is not practically feasible?

    <p>Heat transfer from cold to hot without work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of process does irreversibility occur?

    <p>When heat is delivered to surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an irreversible process?

    <p>Plastic deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor affecting the efficiency of a heat-engine cycle?

    <p>The temperature difference between the reservoirs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't reversible cycles be achieved in practice?

    <p>Because the irreversibilities associated with each process cannot be eliminated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Sadi Carnot's contribution to improving practical heat engines?

    <p>Proposing the Carnot cycle with the highest possible efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process allows molecules to blend from a region of high concentration to low concentration?

    <p>&quot;Free expansion&quot; due to low pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a heat engine?

    <p>Convert thermal energy into mechanical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a heat engine, where is heat absorbed from?

    <p>Hot reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device removes heat from a low-temperature source?

    <p>Refrigerator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a heat pump?

    <p>Transfer heat from low-temperature to high-temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a refrigerator differ from a heat engine?

    <p>A refrigerator operates in the opposite direction to a heat engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a sink in the context of heat transfer?

    <p>Absorb energy in the form of heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a spontaneous process in thermodynamics?

    <p>Driven by tendency towards a state of greater thermal equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a non-spontaneous process from a spontaneous one?

    <p>Requires energy input to occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a non-spontaneous process occur even when the system lacks sufficient energy?

    <p>Driven by changes in pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the second law of thermodynamics declare about certain processes?

    <p>Certain processes are impossible even if they don't violate the first law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hypothetical body has a large thermal energy capacity and can supply or absorb heat without temperature change?

    <p>Thermal Energy Reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle does the second law of thermodynamics place constraints upon?

    <p>Direction of heat transfer and efficiency of heat engines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating cycle efficiency?

    <p>$1 - \frac{T_H}{T_L}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Carnot efficiency describe?

    <p>Maximum thermal efficiency achievable by a heat engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with finding that all reversible heat engines operating between the same two temperatures have the same thermal efficiency?

    <p>Sadi Carnot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is needed to calculate the Carnot efficiency?

    <p>Absolute temperatures of the source and sink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the thermal efficiency of actual heat engines compared to the Carnot efficiency?

    <p>They are always less than Carnot efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cycle is associated with the Carnot heat engine?

    <p>Carnot cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

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