Heartworm Disease in Dogs and Cats
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary site of infection for dirofilaria immitus?

  • Intestines
  • Kidneys
  • Liver
  • Pulmonary arterial tree (correct)

Which bacteria has a symbiotic relationship with D. immitis, improving the adult heartworms' fertility and fortitude?

  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Escherichia coli
  • Wolbachia (correct)
  • Clostridium difficile

What specific protein produced by Wolbachia contributes to immune/inflammatory responses in infected animals?

  • Filarial Protein (FP)
  • Wolbachia Surface Protein (WSP) (correct)
  • Heartworm Associated Protein (HAP)
  • Dirofilarial Antigen (DA)

In what part of the body does Wolbachia Surface Protein (WSP) primarily target?

<p>Lungs and kidneys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Wolbachia in the life cycle of dirofilaria immitus?

<p>Enhancing fertility and strength of adult heartworms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a listed objective related to Heartworm Disease in the text provided?

<p>Describing the transmission method of heartworms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common recommendation by Dr. Mac for animals that are heartworm positive?

<p>Chest X-rays (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic technique is commonly used to assess for the presence of worms in the pulmonary arteries?

<p>Echocardiography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical presentation of Heartworm Associated Respiratory Disease (HARD) in dogs?

<p>Hemoptysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly prescribed for Heartworm Associated Respiratory Disease (HARD) in cats?

<p>Prednisone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common finding in imaging studies for animals with heartworm disease?

<p>Dilated main pulmonary artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered pathognomonic for heartworm disease in histopathology?

<p>Villous arteritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended protocol for treating Class III heartworm disease in dogs?

<p>One injection of 2.5 mg/kg body weight followed by two injections of the same dose 24 hours apart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concern associated with continuous monthly administration of prophylactic doses of macrocyclic lactone alone?

<p>Delayed adulticidal effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area is specified for the administration of Melarsomine Dihydrochloride?

<p>Between L3 and L5 vertebrae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to check Microfilaria (MF) status before treatment?

<p>To avoid adverse effects from a high MF burden (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the two-injection protocol recommended for Class I and II heartworm disease?

<p>To kill about 90% of adult worms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Keister et al, 1992; Vezzoni et al, 1992, how long does it take for adult heartworms to be 95% eliminated with continuous administration of macrocyclic lactones?

<p>Over 2 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of exercise restriction in heartworm treatment?

<p>To delay the progression of pathology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should the HW Antigen test be repeated post-adulticidal therapy if the initial test at 6 months is still positive?

<p>9 months post-therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be the reason behind a positive microfilaria (MF) test 6 months post-treatment?

<p>Repeat infection due to lack of preventative compliance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do thromboembolic events typically occur post-injection in heartworm-infected animals?

<p>7-10 days post-injection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common clinical signs associated with thromboembolic complications in heartworm-infected animals?

<p>Low-grade fever, cough, tachypnea, hemoptysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long will worms continue dying after adulticidal therapy?

<p>Up to 1 month post-therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which host serves as the definitive host for heartworms?

<p>Ferrets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should heat treatment be recommended for heartworm diagnosis?

<p>If clinical signs strongly suggest heartworm disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Heartworm Antibody Test?

<p>To assess for antibodies indicating heartworm exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In heartworm testing for dogs, when is microfilaria testing typically recommended?

<p>If the dog is antigen positive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common clinical sign of heartworm disease in dogs?

<p><strong>Vomiting</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of test is recommended for cats before starting preventative treatment?

<p><strong>SNAP antigen test</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals can act as intermediate hosts for heartworms?

<p><strong>Human</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of antibodies indicate in heartworm infection?

<p><strong>Previous exposure</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should heartworm testing be conducted in dogs according to the provided text?

<p><strong>Before starting preventative treatment or after a lapse in coverage</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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