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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the heart valves?
What is the primary function of the heart valves?
- To regulate heart contractions
- To increase blood pressure in the ventricles
- To ensure blood flows in only one direction (correct)
- To mix oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Which valves are categorized as atrioventricular valves?
Which valves are categorized as atrioventricular valves?
- Tricuspid and pulmonary valves
- Mitral and semilunar valves
- Pulmonary and aortic valves
- Tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid) valves (correct)
What happens when the ventricles are relaxed?
What happens when the ventricles are relaxed?
- Blood flows back into the atria
- The chordae tendineae become slack (correct)
- The papillary muscles are contracted
- The AV valves close
What occurs when the ventricles contract?
What occurs when the ventricles contract?
How do the semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles?
How do the semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles?
What triggers the closing of the AV valves during the cardiac cycle?
What triggers the closing of the AV valves during the cardiac cycle?
What mechanism prevents the AV valves from everting during ventricular contraction?
What mechanism prevents the AV valves from everting during ventricular contraction?
What material mainly composes the structure of the heart valves?
What material mainly composes the structure of the heart valves?
Flashcards
Atrioventricular (AV) Valves
Atrioventricular (AV) Valves
The valves that regulate blood flow between the atria and ventricles. They consist of the tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid) valves.
Tricuspid Valve
Tricuspid Valve
The valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle. It has three cusps (flaps) and prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium during ventricular contraction.
Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve
Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve
The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle. It has two cusps and prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular contraction.
Papillary Muscles
Papillary Muscles
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Chordae Tendineae
Chordae Tendineae
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Semilunar (SL) Valves
Semilunar (SL) Valves
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Aortic Valve
Aortic Valve
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Pulmonary Valve
Pulmonary Valve
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Study Notes
Heart Valves
- Heart valves are structures ensuring one-way blood flow. They're made of connective tissue and endocardium (inner heart layer).
- Four main valves: two atrioventricular (AV) valves and two semilunar valves.
Atrioventricular Valves
- AV valves (tricuspid and mitral/bicuspid) connect atria to ventricles.
- Tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle.
- Mitral/bicuspid valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle.
- When ventricles relax, cusps are open, allowing blood flow from atria to ventricles.
- When ventricles contract, pressure forces cusps to close, preventing backflow to atria. This is aided by chordae tendineae and papillary muscles that prevent the cusps from inverting. Damage to these structures can cause regurgitation.
Semilunar Valves
- Semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic) control blood flow from ventricles into arteries.
- Pulmonary valve is between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
- Aortic valve is between the left ventricle and aorta.
- When ventricles contract, pressure forces cusps open to allow blood into arteries.
- Relaxation causes backflow to close the valves.
- Crescent-shaped cusps, with each attaching to arterial wall.
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