46 Questions
What is the function of the spongiosa in the heart valves?
Reduces vibration during valve closing
Where is the ventricularis located in relation to the heart valves?
On the ventricular surface of each valve
Where is the Bundle of His located within the heart?
In the interventricular septum
What is a characteristic feature of Purkinje cells in the heart's impulse-conducting system?
Small size and fewer myofibrils
How do parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation affect heart rate and rhythm?
Parasympathetic innervation slows down heart rate while sympathetic innervation speeds it up
Which blood vessels are parallel to and thinner and less elastic than the arteries?
Veins
What is the classification of veins based on?
Diameter and wall thickness
Where are vasa vasorum seen?
In the adventitia of the aorta
Which blood vessels have a much thicker media than veins?
Large arteries
What is the main difference in the connective tissue between large arteries and large veins?
More elastin in large arteries
Which vessels have three tunics called intima, media, and adventitia?
Both arteries and veins
Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for secreting atrial natriuretic factor?
Myocardium
What is the primary function of the fibrous skeleton in the heart?
Supporting the heart valves
Which component of the cardiac fibrous skeleton forms part of the interventricular septum and surrounds the heart valves?
Anulus fibrosus
What do intercalated discs in cardiac muscle cells primarily serve as?
Electrical synapses for impulse conduction
Which part of the heart is responsible for collecting lymph, the excess extracellular tissue fluid, and delivering it back to the cardiovascular system?
Lymphatic vessels
What is the role of atrial natriuretic factor when the heart muscle is stretched?
It inhibits Na-H2O reabsorption and reduces blood volume
Where are the aortic bodies located?
On the arch of the aorta
What is the function of vasa vasorum?
To provide nourishment to the vessel wall
What is the main function of endothelial cells in blood vessels?
Synthesis and secretion of collagen and proteoglycans
What is the function of the elastic lamellae in elastic arteries?
Stabilize arterial pressure by elastic rebound during systole and diastole
Where are the aortic bodies located?
On the arch of the aorta
Which type of arteries control blood flow to organs?
Muscular (medium size) arteries
What is the function of endothelial cells in blood vessels?
Forming a selective barrier
Where are the vasa vasorum located?
In the adventitia of small arteries
What distinguishes arterioles from other types of blood vessels?
They have a diameter less than 0.1 mm
What is the primary function of the atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His)?
To generate and conduct electrical impulses through the heart
What is a characteristic feature of Purkinje cells in the heart's impulse-generating system?
Numerous mitochondria and glycogen granules
What is the main function of endothelial cells in blood vessels?
To provide a smooth surface for blood flow and secrete various substances
Where is the ventricularis located in relation to the heart valves?
Adjacent to the ventricular surface of each valve
What is the role of the spongiosa in the heart valves?
To reduce vibration during the closing of the valves
Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for secreting atrial natriuretic factor?
Endocardium
Where are vasa vasorum seen?
In large veins
Where are vasa vasorum seen?
In the wall of large arteries and veins
What is a characteristic feature of Purkinje cells in the heart's impulse-conducting system?
Large and pale-staining with multiple nuclei
What is the function of the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) in the heart?
It generates the impulse for the heart contraction
Which blood vessels transport blood away from the heart?
Arteries
What is the primary function of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) secreted by the heart muscle?
Inhibits Na-H2O reabsorption
In which part of the heart are the Purkinje fibers located?
Myocardium
What is the main function of the fibrous skeleton in the heart?
Provides structural support for the heart valves
Where is the interatrial septum located?
Between the atria of the heart
What is the main function of endothelial cells in blood vessels?
Form a protective barrier between blood and surrounding tissues
What is the main difference in the connective tissue between large arteries and large veins?
Large arteries have thicker media and more elastin than large veins.
How are small, medium, and large veins classified?
By their wall thickness and endothelial lining
What is the primary function of endothelial cells in blood vessels?
To regulate blood flow through vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Where is the Bundle of His located within the heart?
In the interventricular septum
Test your knowledge of the anatomy of heart valve tissues including fibrosa, spongiosa, and ventricularis. Understand the composition and functions of these tissues in maintaining proper heart function.
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