Heart Structure Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the pulmonary arteries?

Carry blood back to the heart from the body

Control blood flow through the heart

Transport oxygenated blood to the body

Transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs (correct)

Which of the following correctly identifies one of the main functions of heart valves?

Transport blood to the aorta

Pump oxygenated blood to the lungs

Prevent backflow of blood in the heart (correct)

Control blood pressure in the arteries

Which of the following statements about varicose veins is true?

They typically affect arteries more than veins.

They are caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood.

They are caused by too much elasticity in vein walls.

They occur when valves allow blood to flow backwards. (correct)

What distinguishes the aorta from other blood vessels?

It is the largest artery in the body. Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

Tricuspid valve Signup and view all the answers

What condition is defined as low blood pressure, measured at less than 90/60 mmHg?

Hypotension Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of hypotension?

Dizziness Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue in the heart allows for coordinated contractions to circulate blood?

Cardiac muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

What action occurs during vasoconstriction?

Narrowing of arteries Signup and view all the answers

What role do pacemakers serve in the cardiovascular system?

Regulate heart rhythm Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is primarily responsible for carrying messages to and from the heart?

Nerve tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypotension?

Genetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of connective tissue in the cardiovascular system?

Support and bind other tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the coronary arteries?

To transport oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries?

Coronary Artery Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the right side of the heart?

To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of a ruptured plaque in the coronary arteries?

Formation of a blood clot Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about coronary circulation is false?

The heart receives oxygen from the blood flowing through it Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium?

Superior and inferior vena cava Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the dead heart muscle resulting from insufficient blood flow?

Infarct Signup and view all the answers

What color is deoxygenated blood as it returns to the right side of the heart?

Bluish Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if there is a significant narrowing of the coronary arteries?

Complete blockage of blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What valve does blood pass through after entering the right ventricle?

Pulmonary semilunar valve Signup and view all the answers

Which substances primarily make up the plaque that builds up in coronary arteries?

Fat, cholesterol, and calcium Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body?

Left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of dead heart muscle in terms of regeneration?

It cannot regenerate Signup and view all the answers

Through which valve does blood pass to enter the left ventricle?

Bicuspid valve Signup and view all the answers

What occurs after blood leaves the left ventricle?

It is forced into the aorta Signup and view all the answers

What does the left side of the heart primarily do?

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary components of plasma?

Water, proteins, salts, and minerals Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a healthy resting heart rate for an adult?

60-100 beats per minute Signup and view all the answers

What is the systolic pressure in a normal blood pressure reading of 120/80 mmHg?

120 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can influence resting heart rate?

Recent exercise and caffeine consumption Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for high blood pressure?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

How is the heart rate measured using the pulse?

By counting beats for 30 seconds and doubling the result Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is used to measure blood pressure?

Sphygmomanometer Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs when blood cells harden and form a scab?

Hemostasis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Heart Structure

The septum is a wall in the heart that divides the left and right sides preventing blood from mixing
The right side of the heart is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs
The left side of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body
Blood enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava
It then passes through the tricuspid valve and enters the right ventricle
Blood is then pumped through the pulmonary semilunar valve and out through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs
Blood returns from the lungs through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium
The blood is then pumped out through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta and throughout the systemic circulation
The aorta is the biggest artery in the body, responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
The vena cava is the largest vein in the body carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart
The vena cava is divided in two: the superior vena cava which carries blood from the upper half of the body and the inferior vena cava which carries blood from the lower half
The heart has four valves that direct the blood flow in the correct direction
The valves are divided in two categories: atrioventricular valves (AV valves) and semi-lunar valves.

Atrioventricular Valves

The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle
The bicuspid valve (mitral valve) is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Semi-Lunar Valves

The pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta

Blood Composition

Blood is composed of plasma and blood cells
Plasma is a protein-rich, yellowish, clear liquid which is 90% water
Plasma contains dissolved salts and minerals like calcium, sodium, magnesium, and potassium
Plasma also contains proteins called albumin, globulins and fibrinogen

Heart Rate

Heart rate is also known as pulse, and it can be felt by palpating on an artery
Average adult heart rate should be between 60-80 beats per minute
Bradycardia is defined as very slow heart rate (less than 60)
Tachycardia is defined as a very fast heart rate (more than 100 )
Heart rate can be measured using a stethoscope
Factors that affect resting heart rate can include: exercise within 2hrs of measurement, caffeine, sitting or standing for long periods of time

Measuring Pulse

The pulse can be found on the neck or wrist
To measure pulse, count the number of beats in 30 seconds and multiply by 2 to get bpm
Healthy heart rate is between 60-100 bpm
Highly conditioned athletes can have a heart rate of 40-60 bpm

Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is the pressure the blood exerts on artery walls
Systolic pressure is the maximum pressure exerted on the arteries during ventricle contraction
Diastolic pressure is the minimum pressure exerted on the arteries during ventricle relaxation and refill
Average blood pressure reading for an adult is 120/80 mmHg (systole/diastole)
Blood pressure is measured with a sphygmomanometer

Hypertension

Hypertension is defined as high blood pressure
High blood pressure is considered anything over 140/90 mmHg.
Hypertension causes include obesity, smoking, lack of physical activity, stress, too much salt in diet, genetics
Hypertension can have serious risks which include risk of heart attack or stroke, aneurysm, heart failure

Hypotension

Hypotension is defined as low blood pressure
Low blood pressure is considered anything less than 90/60 mmHg.
Hypotension causes include hormones, pregnancy, medications
Hypotension can cause dizziness and lightheadedness
Low blood pressure only becomes a problem if it causes serious symptoms or occurs in the elderly

Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction

Vasodilation is the widening of arteries when muscle contracts
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of arteries when muscle relaxes
Certain conditions or drugs can cause vasodilation or vasoconstriction

Pacemakers

Pacemakers are required for people whose heart rhythm needs to be monitored
Pacemakers generate electrical impulses to trigger a regular heartbeat

Tissues of the Heart

The heart is composed of three different types of tissues: cardiac muscle tissue, nerve tissue and connective tissue

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

This tissue is unique to the heart
The cells are arranged in a network to allow contractions
The cells contract at the same time which moves blood around the body

Nerve Tissue

Nerve tissue is composed of neurons which transmit messages to and from other parts of the body.

Connective Tissue

Connective tissue supports, connects and binds together the other tissue types (e.g., bone, blood)
Connective tissue covers and protects the heart muscles and nerves, preventing friction and allowing free blood flow

Diseases and Disorders of the Cardiovascular System

A healthy circulatory system is essential for survival as the heart is responsible for delivering blood, nutrients and oxygen to the body cells and tissues
Many conditions can affect circulatory system function.

Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease is a condition in which plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries
Coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood.
Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood.
When plaque builds up in the arteries, the condition is called atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis involves a gradual narrowing of the coronary arteries resulting from the accumulation of hard deposits of cholesterol (plaque), on the lining of the blood vessels.

Heart Attack

Heart attacks occur most often as a result of coronary artery disease
Plaque builds up over many years on the inside walls of the coronary arteries
An area of plaque can rupture, causing a blood clot to form on the surface of the plaque
If the clot becomes large enough, it can mostly or completely block the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the part of the heart muscle fed by the artery
Complete blockage causes an INFARCT (dead heart muscle, which cannot regenerate)

Coronary Circulation

Coronary circulation supplies the heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood
The right and left coronary arteries nourish the myocardium of the heart.
The left and right cardiac veins remove waste from the myocardium.
Serious health repercussions and even death can occur if a narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries restricts the flow of blood to the heart muscle.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the heart with this quiz. Explore the functions of different parts of the heart, including the septum, atria, ventricles, and blood circulation pathways. Understand how oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flows through the heart and body.