Heart Structure and Function Quiz

The Left Atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it through the mitral valve to the Left ventricle during late diastole.

The Left Ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood to the aorta and the rest of the body.

The Atrio-Ventricular valves prevent backflow from the ventricles to the atria.

The Tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle and has three cusps or leaflets: Anterior/anterosuperior, Septal and Posterior/inferior.

The Mitral valve, located between the left atrium and left ventricle, resembles a miter in shape and has two cusps: Anterior/aortic and Posterior/mural.

The upper chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava.

The lower chamber of the heart that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve.

One of the four heart valves, located between the right atrium and right ventricle.

One of the four heart valves, located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

The largest veins in the body that bring deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium.

The most outward and lower point of the heart's visible pulsation.

The left ventricle is the heart chamber that forms the apex.

The 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line (MCL), which is aligned with the nipple line, is where the normal apex is located.

A shift of the apex outwards and downwards, usually localized and forceful, can be a sign of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).

A shift of the apex outwards and diffusely, with weaker pulsations, can be a sign of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH).

A forceful, outward displacement of the apex beat, often associated with increased blood volume in the left ventricle, seen in conditions like aortic regurgitation (AR) or mitral regurgitation (MR).

A palpable vibration felt over the heart, usually indicating turbulent blood flow, occurring during systole (heart contraction) and often associated with mitral regurgitation.

An outward shift of the apex beat, felt in a lower intercostal space, usually indicating left ventricular enlargement.

A feeling of your heartbeat, either regular or irregular, that is noticeable and may feel abnormal. It can be caused by both normal and abnormal heart activity.

A forceful, outward displacement of the apex beat, often associated with increased pressure in the left ventricle, prevalent in conditions like aortic stenosis (AS) or systemic hypertension.

The closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves, creating a sound best heard over the apex of the heart.

The closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves, creating a sound best heard over the base of the heart.

A heart sound that occurs during diastole, after the second heart sound (S2), caused by the vibration of the ventricle as it fills with blood.

A heart sound that occurs during systole, just before the first heart sound (S1), caused by the stiffening of the ventricle during atrial contraction.

A palpable murmur, also known as a 'thrill,' is a vibration felt over the heart during a murmur, indicating a stronger or more turbulent blood flow.

A type of congenital heart defect where blood flows from the left side of the heart to the right side, usually due to a hole in the septum between the atria or ventricles.

A congenital heart defect where a hole exists in the wall separating the two ventricles, allowing blood to flow between them abnormally.

Congenital heart defects characterized by insufficient oxygen in the blood, leading to a blue color in the skin (cyanosis).

A congenital heart defect where a hole exists in the wall separating the two atria, allowing blood to flow between them abnormally.

A category of congenital heart defects where there is a blockage or narrowing of the major blood vessels near the heart, causing extra pressure.

Atrial contraction, forcing blood into the ventricles.

Ventricular contraction pushes the atrioventricular (AV) valves closed, preventing blood backflow from ventricles into atria.

Semilunar valves open, allowing blood to be ejected from the ventricles to the pulmonary artery (right ventricle) or aorta (left ventricle).

Semilunar valves close, preventing blood from flowing back into the ventricles, while blood flows passively into the atria.

Chambers fully relax, and blood passively flows into the ventricles.

A diagnostic tool used to investigate congenital heart disease that utilizes sound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function.

A visual representation of the electrical activity of the heart, showing the P, Q, R, S, and T waves and intervals.

The major blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart in a fetus.

A shunt connecting the right and left atria in a fetal heart, allowing some blood to bypass the lungs.

A vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta in a fetus, allowing blood to bypass the lungs.

A congenital heart defect characterized by four main components: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect (VSD), overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Narrowing of the pulmonary valve or the area beneath it, restricting blood flow to the lungs.

A large hole in the wall separating the right and left ventricles, allowing blood to flow from the right ventricle to the aorta.

The aorta, the main artery carrying blood from the heart, is situated over the hole in the heart, receiving blood from both ventricles, not just the left one.

The right ventricle becomes thickened due to increased pressure caused by the obstruction in the pulmonary valve.

Deoxygenated blood from the body travels through the umbilical cord to the fetal heart. Oxygenated blood from the placenta flows back to the heart via the umbilical cord. Finally, a mix of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood is circulated to the fetal body. This unique system ensures the fetus receives the necessary nutrients and oxygen.

The ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel connecting the aorta and pulmonary artery, fails to close after birth. This results in a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood circulating through the body. This can cause complications like cyanosis and heart strain.

These heart defects cause a bluish discoloration of the skin (cyanosis), indicating low oxygen levels in the blood. Examples include Tetralogy of Fallot.

These heart defects generally do not cause cyanosis, meaning the blood is adequately oxygenated. Examples include Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA), Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), and Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD).