10 Questions
What is the definition of Heart Failure (HF)?
The heart is unable to pump blood forward at a sufficient rate to meet the body’s metabolic demands
What is the Ejection Fraction (EF) percentage for Reduced EF?
EF ≤ 40%
What type of dysfunction is associated with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)?
Systolic dysfunction — impaired contractility or excessive afterload
What can cause excessive afterload in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction?
Pressure overload; can be caused by chronic hypertension
What happens to end-systolic volume (ESV) in Left Ventricular Pressure-Volume Loop of HFrEF?
It is heightened
What is the percentage of blood ejected from the left ventricle during systole in Heart Failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)?
More than 50%
What type of heart failure is associated with impaired ventricular relaxation and filling?
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
What can cause excessive afterload in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)?
Chronic hypertension
What does a reduced Ejection Fraction (EF) indicate?
Less than 40% of the end-diastolic volume (EDV) being ejected from the heart each beat
What happens to end-systolic volume (ESV) in Left Ventricular Pressure-Volume Loop of HFrEF?
It increases
Study Notes
Heart Failure (HF)
- Heart Failure (HF) is a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
Ejection Fraction (EF)
- Ejection Fraction (EF) is a measure of the heart's pumping function.
- Reduced Ejection Fraction (EF) is defined as an EF of less than 40%.
Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
- HFrEF is a type of heart failure characterized by systolic dysfunction.
- Excessive afterload, such as high blood pressure, can cause HFrEF.
- In HFrEF, the end-systolic volume (ESV) increases in the Left Ventricular Pressure-Volume Loop.
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)
- HFpEF is a type of heart failure characterized by preserved systolic function but impaired diastolic function.
- In HFpEF, at least 50% of blood is ejected from the left ventricle during systole.
Impaired Ventricular Relaxation and Filling
- HFpEF is associated with impaired ventricular relaxation and filling.
Excessive Afterload
- Excessive afterload, such as high blood pressure, can cause HFrEF.
Reduced Ejection Fraction (EF)
- A reduced Ejection Fraction (EF) indicates that the heart is having trouble pumping blood effectively.
End-Systolic Volume (ESV)
- In HFrEF, the end-systolic volume (ESV) increases in the Left Ventricular Pressure-Volume Loop.
Learn about the fundamentals of heart failure, including how the heart's pumping mechanism works and the common causes of heart failure. Explore the impact of impaired left ventricular function on cardiac filling pressures.
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