Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the clinical syndrome that occurs as a result of the inability of the ventricle(s) to fill or pump enough blood to meet the body’s oxygen and nutrient needs?
What is the clinical syndrome that occurs as a result of the inability of the ventricle(s) to fill or pump enough blood to meet the body’s oxygen and nutrient needs?
Which term refers to difficulty breathing experienced when lying down and relieved by sitting or standing?
Which term refers to difficulty breathing experienced when lying down and relieved by sitting or standing?
What is the term for the abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs?
What is the term for the abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs?
Which condition is characterized by an enlarged liver due to congestion from heart failure?
Which condition is characterized by an enlarged liver due to congestion from heart failure?
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What term refers to the bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood?
What term refers to the bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood?
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What is the term for the resistance the heart must overcome to circulate blood through the systemic blood vessels?
What is the term for the resistance the heart must overcome to circulate blood through the systemic blood vessels?
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Which term refers to difficulty breathing at night that awakens a person from sleep, often with feelings of suffocation?
Which term refers to difficulty breathing at night that awakens a person from sleep, often with feelings of suffocation?
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What term refers to the enlargement of the spleen due to congestion from heart failure?
What term refers to the enlargement of the spleen due to congestion from heart failure?
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What causes abnormal breath sounds such as crackles and wheezes in heart failure?
What causes abnormal breath sounds such as crackles and wheezes in heart failure?
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What causes the pulmonary congestion in heart failure?
What causes the pulmonary congestion in heart failure?
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What leads to edema in heart failure?
What leads to edema in heart failure?
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What is the effect of backward buildup of pressure in the systemic blood vessels in heart failure?
What is the effect of backward buildup of pressure in the systemic blood vessels in heart failure?
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What causes wheezes in heart failure?
What causes wheezes in heart failure?
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What contributes to systemic edema in heart failure?
What contributes to systemic edema in heart failure?
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What is one of the causes of edema in heart failure?
What is one of the causes of edema in heart failure?
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What causes sacral edema in an individual on bed rest with heart failure?
What causes sacral edema in an individual on bed rest with heart failure?
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What is the goal of therapy for acute heart failure (AHF) patients?
What is the goal of therapy for acute heart failure (AHF) patients?
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In AHF, oxygen therapy is provided via which of the following methods?
In AHF, oxygen therapy is provided via which of the following methods?
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Which symptom is classified as exertional, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) in chronic heart failure (CHF)?
Which symptom is classified as exertional, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) in chronic heart failure (CHF)?
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What is a common early symptom of CHF due to decreased oxygen reaching tissues?
What is a common early symptom of CHF due to decreased oxygen reaching tissues?
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Which diagnostic test is commonly used for CHF?
Which diagnostic test is commonly used for CHF?
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What are the noninvasive treatments for CHF aimed at reducing?
What are the noninvasive treatments for CHF aimed at reducing?
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What is a key nursing diagnosis for CHF patients related to difficulty breathing?
What is a key nursing diagnosis for CHF patients related to difficulty breathing?
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What are the complications associated with CHF?
What are the complications associated with CHF?
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Which condition causes dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid volume overload in the intra-vascular and interstitial spaces?
Which condition causes dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid volume overload in the intra-vascular and interstitial spaces?
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What is the most common reason for hospital admission in older adults?
What is the most common reason for hospital admission in older adults?
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Which type of dysfunction is a problem with the ventricle's ability to relax and fill?
Which type of dysfunction is a problem with the ventricle's ability to relax and fill?
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What condition causes blood to back up from the left ventricle into the lungs, causing pulmonary edema and decreased oxygenation?
What condition causes blood to back up from the left ventricle into the lungs, causing pulmonary edema and decreased oxygenation?
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What can lead to functional limitations and symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and edema?
What can lead to functional limitations and symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and edema?
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What is the term used for Heart Failure that is caused by conditions that increase the workload on the left ventricle?
What is the term used for Heart Failure that is caused by conditions that increase the workload on the left ventricle?
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Which ventricle typically weakens first because it has the greatest workload to eject blood against the resistance in the aorta?
Which ventricle typically weakens first because it has the greatest workload to eject blood against the resistance in the aorta?
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What happens when the amount of blood returned to the heart is more than either ventricle can handle?
What happens when the amount of blood returned to the heart is more than either ventricle can handle?
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What is the major cause of Right-sided Heart Failure (RHF)?
What is the major cause of Right-sided Heart Failure (RHF)?
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What is the term used to describe the failure of the right ventricle due to increased pulmonary pressures?
What is the term used to describe the failure of the right ventricle due to increased pulmonary pressures?
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What can result from the backup of blood in the systemic blood vessels due to right ventricle failure?
What can result from the backup of blood in the systemic blood vessels due to right ventricle failure?
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What condition is characterized by sudden severe fluid congestion in the alveoli of the lungs?
What condition is characterized by sudden severe fluid congestion in the alveoli of the lungs?
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What are some common symptoms of pulmonary edema?
What are some common symptoms of pulmonary edema?
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What are some complications that can arise from liver congestion due to right ventricle failure?
What are some complications that can arise from liver congestion due to right ventricle failure?
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What diagnostic tests are commonly used for pulmonary edema?
What diagnostic tests are commonly used for pulmonary edema?
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How do compensatory mechanisms in heart failure affect the heart's function?
How do compensatory mechanisms in heart failure affect the heart's function?
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What is the term for the failure of the right ventricle due to increased pulmonary pressures?
What is the term for the failure of the right ventricle due to increased pulmonary pressures?
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Which condition causes sudden severe fluid congestion in the alveoli of the lungs?
Which condition causes sudden severe fluid congestion in the alveoli of the lungs?
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What is a key nursing diagnosis for CHF patients related to difficulty breathing?
What is a key nursing diagnosis for CHF patients related to difficulty breathing?
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What can lead to anorexia, nausea, and abdominal pain in Right-sided Heart Failure (RHF)?
What can lead to anorexia, nausea, and abdominal pain in Right-sided Heart Failure (RHF)?
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Which ventricle typically weakens first in heart failure because it has the greatest workload to eject blood against the resistance in the aorta?
Which ventricle typically weakens first in heart failure because it has the greatest workload to eject blood against the resistance in the aorta?
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What causes abnormal breath sounds such as crackles and wheezes in heart failure?
What causes abnormal breath sounds such as crackles and wheezes in heart failure?
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What is the effect of backward buildup of pressure in the systemic blood vessels in heart failure?
What is the effect of backward buildup of pressure in the systemic blood vessels in heart failure?
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Which condition is characterized by an enlarged liver due to congestion from heart failure?
Which condition is characterized by an enlarged liver due to congestion from heart failure?
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What is the primary cause of heart failure?
What is the primary cause of heart failure?
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What term refers to the resistance the heart must overcome to circulate blood through the systemic blood vessels?
What term refers to the resistance the heart must overcome to circulate blood through the systemic blood vessels?
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Which term refers to the bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood?
Which term refers to the bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood?
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What is the term for the abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs?
What is the term for the abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs?
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Which condition causes blood to back up from the left ventricle into the lungs, causing pulmonary edema and decreased oxygenation?
Which condition causes blood to back up from the left ventricle into the lungs, causing pulmonary edema and decreased oxygenation?
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What is a common early symptom of Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) due to decreased oxygen reaching tissues?
What is a common early symptom of Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) due to decreased oxygen reaching tissues?
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Which diagnostic test is commonly used for Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)?
Which diagnostic test is commonly used for Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)?
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What is the goal of therapy for acute heart failure (AHF) patients?
What is the goal of therapy for acute heart failure (AHF) patients?
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What is the cause of wheezes in heart failure?
What is the cause of wheezes in heart failure?
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What is the effect of backward buildup of pressure in the systemic blood vessels in heart failure?
What is the effect of backward buildup of pressure in the systemic blood vessels in heart failure?
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What is a common early symptom of heart failure due to decreased oxygen reaching tissues?
What is a common early symptom of heart failure due to decreased oxygen reaching tissues?
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What causes sacral edema in an individual on bed rest with heart failure?
What causes sacral edema in an individual on bed rest with heart failure?
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What contributes to systemic edema in heart failure?
What contributes to systemic edema in heart failure?
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What leads to edema in heart failure?
What leads to edema in heart failure?
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Which of the following conditions can cause right-sided heart failure?
Which of the following conditions can cause right-sided heart failure?
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What is the primary cause of left-sided heart failure?
What is the primary cause of left-sided heart failure?
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What is the effect of systolic dysfunction in heart failure?
What is the effect of systolic dysfunction in heart failure?
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In heart failure, what causes edema in the systemic blood vessels and interstitial spaces?
In heart failure, what causes edema in the systemic blood vessels and interstitial spaces?
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What is the result of left ventricle failure in heart failure?
What is the result of left ventricle failure in heart failure?
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Which type of heart failure is caused by conditions obstructing blood flow from the right ventricle?
Which type of heart failure is caused by conditions obstructing blood flow from the right ventricle?
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What is the classification of heart failure based on which side of the heart is failing?
What is the classification of heart failure based on which side of the heart is failing?
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What causes diastolic dysfunction in heart failure?
What causes diastolic dysfunction in heart failure?
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What is the earliest symptom of chronic heart failure (CHF) due to decreased oxygen reaching tissues?
What is the earliest symptom of chronic heart failure (CHF) due to decreased oxygen reaching tissues?
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Which type of dyspnea increases with activity and is classified as an early symptom of left-sided CHF?
Which type of dyspnea increases with activity and is classified as an early symptom of left-sided CHF?
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What diagnostic test is commonly used for chronic heart failure (CHF) to assess cardiac function and structure?
What diagnostic test is commonly used for chronic heart failure (CHF) to assess cardiac function and structure?
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What is a key nursing diagnosis for a patient with chronic heart failure (CHF) related to pulmonary congestion?
What is a key nursing diagnosis for a patient with chronic heart failure (CHF) related to pulmonary congestion?
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In chronic heart failure (CHF), what causes a chronic, dry cough to increase when lying down?
In chronic heart failure (CHF), what causes a chronic, dry cough to increase when lying down?
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Which noninvasive treatment for CHF aims to reduce the workload of the left ventricle?
Which noninvasive treatment for CHF aims to reduce the workload of the left ventricle?
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What are the complications associated with chronic heart failure (CHF) that can lead to pleural effusion?
What are the complications associated with chronic heart failure (CHF) that can lead to pleural effusion?
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In acute heart failure (AHF), what is the goal of oxygen therapy provided via cannulas, masks, or mechanical ventilation in severe cases?
In acute heart failure (AHF), what is the goal of oxygen therapy provided via cannulas, masks, or mechanical ventilation in severe cases?
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What is the result of systolic dysfunction in heart failure?
What is the result of systolic dysfunction in heart failure?
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What causes diastolic dysfunction in heart failure?
What causes diastolic dysfunction in heart failure?
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Which condition causes dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid volume overload in the intra-vascular and interstitial spaces?
Which condition causes dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid volume overload in the intra-vascular and interstitial spaces?
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What is the term for the abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs?
What is the term for the abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs?
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What contributes to systemic edema in heart failure?
What contributes to systemic edema in heart failure?
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What condition is characterized by sudden severe fluid congestion in the alveoli of the lungs?
What condition is characterized by sudden severe fluid congestion in the alveoli of the lungs?
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What is a common early symptom of heart failure due to decreased oxygen reaching tissues?
What is a common early symptom of heart failure due to decreased oxygen reaching tissues?
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What is the term for the failure of the right ventricle due to increased pulmonary pressures?
What is the term for the failure of the right ventricle due to increased pulmonary pressures?
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Which condition is characterized by sudden severe fluid congestion in the alveoli of the lungs?
Which condition is characterized by sudden severe fluid congestion in the alveoli of the lungs?
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What is the effect of backward buildup of pressure in the systemic blood vessels in heart failure?
What is the effect of backward buildup of pressure in the systemic blood vessels in heart failure?
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What contributes to peripheral edema, anorexia, nausea, and abdominal pain in heart failure?
What contributes to peripheral edema, anorexia, nausea, and abdominal pain in heart failure?
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Which diagnostic test is commonly used for evaluating pulmonary edema?
Which diagnostic test is commonly used for evaluating pulmonary edema?
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What are some symptoms associated with pulmonary edema?
What are some symptoms associated with pulmonary edema?
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Which term refers to the resistance the heart must overcome to circulate blood through the systemic blood vessels?
Which term refers to the resistance the heart must overcome to circulate blood through the systemic blood vessels?
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What is a common cause of right-sided heart failure?
What is a common cause of right-sided heart failure?
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What is the goal of therapy for acute heart failure (AHF) patients?
What is the goal of therapy for acute heart failure (AHF) patients?
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Which symptom is a common sign of left-sided chronic heart failure (CHF)?
Which symptom is a common sign of left-sided chronic heart failure (CHF)?
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What is a common nursing diagnosis for CHF patients related to the cardiovascular system?
What is a common nursing diagnosis for CHF patients related to the cardiovascular system?
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Which diagnostic test is commonly used for chronic heart failure (CHF)?
Which diagnostic test is commonly used for chronic heart failure (CHF)?
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In chronic heart failure (CHF), what are the earliest symptoms due to decreased oxygen reaching tissues?
In chronic heart failure (CHF), what are the earliest symptoms due to decreased oxygen reaching tissues?
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What is a complication commonly associated with CHF?
What is a complication commonly associated with CHF?
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What is a noninvasive treatment option for CHF?
What is a noninvasive treatment option for CHF?
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What causes the production of crackles in heart failure?
What causes the production of crackles in heart failure?
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Which condition causes abnormal breath sounds such as wheezes in heart failure?
Which condition causes abnormal breath sounds such as wheezes in heart failure?
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What contributes to systemic edema in heart failure?
What contributes to systemic edema in heart failure?
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What is the effect of backward buildup of pressure in the systemic blood vessels in heart failure?
What is the effect of backward buildup of pressure in the systemic blood vessels in heart failure?
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What leads to edema in heart failure?
What leads to edema in heart failure?
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Which condition causes blood to back up from the left ventricle into the lungs, causing pulmonary edema and decreased oxygenation?
Which condition causes blood to back up from the left ventricle into the lungs, causing pulmonary edema and decreased oxygenation?
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What is a key effect of right ventricle failure in heart failure?
What is a key effect of right ventricle failure in heart failure?
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What is a common early symptom of heart failure due to decreased oxygen reaching tissues?
What is a common early symptom of heart failure due to decreased oxygen reaching tissues?
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Which of the following best describes heart failure?
Which of the following best describes heart failure?
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What leads to the abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs in heart failure?
What leads to the abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs in heart failure?
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Which term refers to the bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood?
Which term refers to the bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood?
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What is the term used to describe the failure of the right ventricle due to increased pulmonary pressures?
What is the term used to describe the failure of the right ventricle due to increased pulmonary pressures?
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What is the effect of backward buildup of pressure in the systemic blood vessels in heart failure?
What is the effect of backward buildup of pressure in the systemic blood vessels in heart failure?
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What causes sacral edema in an individual on bed rest with heart failure?
What causes sacral edema in an individual on bed rest with heart failure?
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What diagnostic test is commonly used for chronic heart failure (CHF) to assess cardiac function and structure?
What diagnostic test is commonly used for chronic heart failure (CHF) to assess cardiac function and structure?
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What contributes to systemic edema in heart failure?
What contributes to systemic edema in heart failure?
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Fluid buildup in the alveoli resulting from increased pressure in the pulmonary capillaries causes crackles in heart failure.
Fluid buildup in the alveoli resulting from increased pressure in the pulmonary capillaries causes crackles in heart failure.
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Wheezes in heart failure occur due to bronchiolar constriction caused by increased fluid.
Wheezes in heart failure occur due to bronchiolar constriction caused by increased fluid.
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Edema in heart failure can occur as a result of systemic blood vessel congestion.
Edema in heart failure can occur as a result of systemic blood vessel congestion.
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Edema in heart failure can occur as a result of sympathetic compensatory mechanisms activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Edema in heart failure can occur as a result of sympathetic compensatory mechanisms activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
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Pulmonary edema can occur in heart failure.
Pulmonary edema can occur in heart failure.
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Backward buildup of pressure in the systemic blood vessels in heart failure can cause distention of the jugular veins.
Backward buildup of pressure in the systemic blood vessels in heart failure can cause distention of the jugular veins.
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Swelling of the legs and feet is a result of backward buildup of pressure in the systemic blood vessels in heart failure.
Swelling of the legs and feet is a result of backward buildup of pressure in the systemic blood vessels in heart failure.
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Sacral edema can occur in individuals on bed rest with heart failure.
Sacral edema can occur in individuals on bed rest with heart failure.
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An increase in fluid within the abdominal cavity can be seen in heart failure.
An increase in fluid within the abdominal cavity can be seen in heart failure.
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The release of antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary gland in heart failure causes sodium and water retention.
The release of antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary gland in heart failure causes sodium and water retention.
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Study Notes
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Right-sided Heart Failure (RHF) is caused by conditions that increase the work of the right ventricle or require it to handle excess blood volume.
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Major causes of RHF include left-sided Heart Failure (LHF) and pulmonary hypertension.
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LHF leads to an increase in fluid backup and pressure in the lungs, requiring the right ventricle to pump against this increased resistance.
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The failure of the right ventricle due to increased pulmonary pressures is referred to as cor pulmonale.
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When the right ventricle fails, it does not empty normally, leading to a backup of blood in the systemic blood vessels.
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This backup causes an increase in right atrial and systemic venous blood volume, resulting in distended jugular neck veins and edema.
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Peripheral edema can lead to anorexia, nausea, and abdominal pain.
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Liver congestion (hepatomegaly) can cause impaired liver function and abdominal discomfort.
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In response to increased workload, the heart undergoes compensatory mechanisms such as dilation and hypertrophy.
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However, these mechanisms temporarily improve symptoms while also increasing the heart's oxygen needs and stiffening the heart walls, reducing pumping ability.
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Pulmonary edema, also known as acute Heart Failure, is a life-threatening condition characterized by sudden severe fluid congestion in the alveoli of the lungs.
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Causes of pulmonary edema include an acute event such as a myocardial infarction or severe heart stress.
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Symptoms of pulmonary edema include pink, frothy sputum, shortness of breath, and a persistent cough.
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Diagnostic tests for pulmonary edema include chest x-ray, arterial blood gases, and pulmonary artery catheterization.
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Compensatory mechanisms for maintaining cardiac output, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, can contribute to further heart failure.
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Acute heart failure (AHF) patients require immediate treatment to prevent drowning in their own secretions.
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Goal of therapy is to reduce workload of the left ventricle, improve cardiac output, and reduce patient anxiety.
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Patients may be placed in Fowler's position to facilitate easier lung expansion.
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Oxygen therapy is provided via cannulas, masks, or mechanical ventilation in severe cases of pulmonary edema.
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Intravenous medications are given to reduce anxiety, relax airways, increase peripheral blood pooling, reduce fluid congestion, strengthen heart contractions, and relieve dyspnea.
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Patients are typically critically ill and in an intensive care unit (ICU), requiring psychosocial supportive care due to anxiety.
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In chronic heart failure (CHF), signs and symptoms worsen over time.
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Fatigue and weakness are earliest symptoms of CHF due to decreased oxygen reaching tissues.
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Dyspnea is a common symptom of left-sided CHF, caused by pulmonary congestion that impairs gas exchange.
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Dyspnea is classified as exertional, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND).
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Exertional dyspnea increases with activity, orthopnea worsens in supine position, and PND occurs suddenly and is relieved by sitting upright.
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Common in CHF, a chronic, dry cough increases with lying down due to lung mucosa irritation.
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Diagnostic tests for CHF include history and physical examination, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, two-dimensional echocardiography, exercise stress test, cardiac catheterization, serum laboratory tests, arterial blood gases, urinalysis, sleep studies, and hemodynamic monitoring.
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Complications of CHF include hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, pleural effusion, left ventricular thrombus and emboli, cardiogenic shock.
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Noninvasive treatments for CHF include treating underlying cause, oxygen therapy, drug therapy, individualized activity plan, dietary sodium restriction, fluid restriction, daily weights, pacemaker, ICD, resynchronization therapy, mechanical assistive devices, intra-aortic balloon pump, left ventricular assist device, total artificial heart, and surgery.
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Key nursing diagnoses for CHF patients include impaired gas exchange, decreased cardiac output, and excess fluid volume.
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Acute heart failure (AHF) patients require immediate treatment to prevent drowning in their own secretions.
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Goal of therapy is to reduce workload of the left ventricle, improve cardiac output, and reduce patient anxiety.
-
Patients may be placed in Fowler's position to facilitate easier lung expansion.
-
Oxygen therapy is provided via cannulas, masks, or mechanical ventilation in severe cases of pulmonary edema.
-
Intravenous medications are given to reduce anxiety, relax airways, increase peripheral blood pooling, reduce fluid congestion, strengthen heart contractions, and relieve dyspnea.
-
Patients are typically critically ill and in an intensive care unit (ICU), requiring psychosocial supportive care due to anxiety.
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In chronic heart failure (CHF), signs and symptoms worsen over time.
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Fatigue and weakness are earliest symptoms of CHF due to decreased oxygen reaching tissues.
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Dyspnea is a common symptom of left-sided CHF, caused by pulmonary congestion that impairs gas exchange.
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Dyspnea is classified as exertional, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND).
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Exertional dyspnea increases with activity, orthopnea worsens in supine position, and PND occurs suddenly and is relieved by sitting upright.
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Common in CHF, a chronic, dry cough increases with lying down due to lung mucosa irritation.
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Diagnostic tests for CHF include history and physical examination, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, two-dimensional echocardiography, exercise stress test, cardiac catheterization, serum laboratory tests, arterial blood gases, urinalysis, sleep studies, and hemodynamic monitoring.
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Complications of CHF include hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, pleural effusion, left ventricular thrombus and emboli, cardiogenic shock.
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Noninvasive treatments for CHF include treating underlying cause, oxygen therapy, drug therapy, individualized activity plan, dietary sodium restriction, fluid restriction, daily weights, pacemaker, ICD, resynchronization therapy, mechanical assistive devices, intra-aortic balloon pump, left ventricular assist device, total artificial heart, and surgery.
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Key nursing diagnoses for CHF patients include impaired gas exchange, decreased cardiac output, and excess fluid volume.
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Description
This quiz covers the major causes and effects of right-sided heart failure, including the impact of left-sided heart failure on the right ventricle. Understanding these causes is essential for proper management and treatment of right-sided HF.
