Heart Failure Treatment: Vaso and Venodilators

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What is the effect of nitrates on HF patients?

Increase cardiac preload
Increase systemic arteriolar resistance
Reduce preload (correct)
Increase cardiac output

What is the mechanism of action of Digitalis glycosides?

Regulate diastolic Ca conc. and decrease contractility of cardiac muscle
Increase cardiac output without affecting cardiac muscle contractility
Regulate systolic Ca conc. and increase contractility of cardiac muscle (correct)
Influence potassium and magnesium ion flows in the cardiac muscle

What is the effect of hydralazine on HF patients?

Reduce cardiac preload
Increase systemic arteriolar resistance
Increase cardiac output without affecting resistance
Decrease systemic arteriolar resistance (correct)

Why is a combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate used in some HF patients?

Because the patient requires additional vasodilator response (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of inotropic agents on cardiac muscle contractility?

Increase cardiac muscle contractility (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Digitalis glycosides in terms of their therapeutic and toxic doses?

There is a small difference between the therapeutic and toxic doses (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is used in patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction after initiation of ACE inhibitors and diuretic therapy?

Digoxin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of elimination of Digoxin?

Kidney (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ACE inhibitors or Angiotensin-receptor blockers in the management of Heart Failure?

To be added after optimizing diuretic therapy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of therapy for Heart Failure?

Loop diuretics, ACE inhibitors or ARBs, beta-blockers, aldosterone antagonists (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Beta-blockers in the management of Heart Failure?

To be started after the patient is stable on ACE inhibitors (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is used in patients with Heart Failure who continue to have symptoms despite optimal doses of ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended way to take Captopril?

On an empty stomach (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs)?

Blocking the action of angiotensin II (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using Spironolactone in patients with advanced heart disease?

Preventing salt retention, myocardial hypertrophy, and hypokalemia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of β-blockers on the heart in patients with heart failure?

Improving systolic function (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using diuretics in patients with heart failure?

Relieving pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diuretics is most commonly used in heart failure?

Loop diuretics (B) Signup and view all the answers