18 Questions
What is the effect of nitrates on HF patients?
Reduce preload
What is the mechanism of action of Digitalis glycosides?
Regulate systolic Ca conc. and increase contractility of cardiac muscle
What is the effect of hydralazine on HF patients?
Decrease systemic arteriolar resistance
Why is a combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate used in some HF patients?
Because the patient requires additional vasodilator response
What is the effect of inotropic agents on cardiac muscle contractility?
Increase cardiac muscle contractility
What is the characteristic of Digitalis glycosides in terms of their therapeutic and toxic doses?
There is a small difference between the therapeutic and toxic doses
Which of the following medications is used in patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction after initiation of ACE inhibitors and diuretic therapy?
Digoxin
What is the primary route of elimination of Digoxin?
Kidney
What is the role of ACE inhibitors or Angiotensin-receptor blockers in the management of Heart Failure?
To be added after optimizing diuretic therapy
What is the order of therapy for Heart Failure?
Loop diuretics, ACE inhibitors or ARBs, beta-blockers, aldosterone antagonists
What is the role of Beta-blockers in the management of Heart Failure?
To be started after the patient is stable on ACE inhibitors
Which of the following medications is used in patients with Heart Failure who continue to have symptoms despite optimal doses of ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers?
All of the above
What is the recommended way to take Captopril?
On an empty stomach
What is the primary mechanism of action of Angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs)?
Blocking the action of angiotensin II
What is the primary benefit of using Spironolactone in patients with advanced heart disease?
Preventing salt retention, myocardial hypertrophy, and hypokalemia
What is the primary effect of β-blockers on the heart in patients with heart failure?
Improving systolic function
What is the primary benefit of using diuretics in patients with heart failure?
Relieving pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema
Which type of diuretics is most commonly used in heart failure?
Loop diuretics
Learn about the treatment of heart failure, specifically the use of direct vaso and venodilators, such as nitrates and hydralazine, to reduce cardiac preload and afterload. Understand the role of these medications in managing heart failure patients.
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