Heart Failure Evaluation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which test is considered the gold standard for evaluating heart function in cases of heart failure?

  • Electrocardiography
  • Echocardiography with Doppler flow studies (correct)
  • Liver function tests
  • Chest x-ray

What does ABG analysis primarily evaluate in patients with acute heart failure?

  • Thyroid hormone levels
  • Serum creatinine levels
  • Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels (correct)
  • Liver enzyme levels

Which of the following is NOT measured in liver function tests?

  • Total protein and albumin levels
  • Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
  • Serum creatinine (correct)
  • Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

What is the primary purpose of thyroid function tests in relation to heart failure?

<p>To rule out thyroid dysfunction mimicking heart failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging test can visualize signs of pulmonary vascular congestion in heart failure?

<p>Chest x-ray (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of measuring natriuretic peptides like ANP and BNP in patients suspected of heart failure?

<p>To diagnose heart failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is most directly associated with the respiratory effects of heart failure?

<p>Pneumonia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In patients over age 60, why should elevated BNP levels not be used solely as a diagnostic tool for heart failure?

<p>They can differ based on gender and age. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common gastrointestinal symptom associated with heart failure?

<p>Abdominal distention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a decrease in urine output in heart failure patients typically indicate?

<p>Fluid retention in the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological state is indicated by crackles or rales in the lung bases of heart failure patients?

<p>Presence of pulmonary edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neurological symptoms can occur as a result of heart failure?

<p>Impaired memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between serum electrolytes and treatment evaluation in heart failure patients?

<p>They provide information on treatment effects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do natriuretic peptides like ANP and BNP play in heart failure diagnosis?

<p>They correlate with left-ventricular and pulmonary vascular pressure elevations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory test is specifically used to evaluate renal function in patients with heart failure?

<p>BUN and serum creatinine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should elevated BNP levels in females be interpreted with caution in diagnosing heart failure?

<p>They may be a normal variant unrelated to heart failure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary purpose of performing urinalysis in heart failure patients?

<p>To evaluate renal function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of heart failure, which diagnostic test helps rule out conditions that mimic heart failure symptoms?

<p>Thyroid function tests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information does a chest x-ray provide in managing heart failure?

<p>It visualizes pulmonary congestion and heart size. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do serum electrolytes contribute to heart failure management?

<p>They evaluate treatment effects, especially during fluid retention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific conditions can an electrocardiogram (ECG) help identify in heart failure patients?

<p>Dysrhythmias, ischemia, or infarction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Urinalysis, BUN, serum creatinine

Measure elements and metabolic products specific to the renal system to evaluate kidney function.

Liver function tests

Measure enzymes (ALT, AST, LDH), bilirubin, and protein levels to assess liver health.

Thyroid function tests

Measure thyroid hormones to rule out thyroid problems mimicking heart failure.

ABG analysis

Evaluates oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, and acid-base balance in the blood.

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Echocardiography

Uses sound waves to visualize heart structures and blood flow for heart function assessment.

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Natriuretic Peptides (BNP/ANP)

Hormones released by the heart in response to changes in blood volume. Higher levels indicate heart failure.

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BNP Levels in HF

BNP levels rise as heart failure symptoms worsen and fall when symptoms stabilize.

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Serum Electrolytes

Measurements of elemental substances (like sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, & magnesium) in the blood to assess treatment effects and various bodily functions.

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Serum Osmolarity

A measure of the concentration of dissolved particles in the blood. Often low in fluid retention.

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Heart Failure - Respiratory Effects

Symptoms like shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and coughing due to fluid build-up in the lungs.

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Heart Failure - Cardiovascular Effects

Symptoms such as increased heart rate, chest pain, unusual heart sounds, low blood pressure and potentially sudden cardiac death.

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Heart Failure - Gastrointestinal Effects

Symptoms such as poor appetite, nausea, abdominal swelling, and liver enlargement.

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Heart Failure - Integumentary Effects

Skin changes like paleness, bluish discoloration, and clammy skin due to impaired blood circulation.

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Natriuretic Peptides (BNP/ANP)

Hormones released by the heart in response to changes in blood volume; elevated levels suggest heart failure

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BNP Levels in Heart Failure

BNP levels increase with worsening symptoms; decrease with symptom improvement

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Serum Electrolytes

Measurements of elemental substances (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium) in the blood; used to assess treatment effects and bodily functions.

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Serum Osmolarity

Measure of dissolved particles in blood; often low in fluid retention

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Echocardiography

Uses sound waves to visualize heart structures and blood flow; gold standard for heart failure evaluation

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Chest X-Ray (Heart Failure)

Visualizes pulmonary congestion and cardiomegaly (enlarged heart) in heart failure cases

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Electrocardiography (ECG)

Measures and graphs electrical conduction through the heart; detects changes associated with ventricular enlargement or dysrhythmias

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Diagnostic Tests for HF

Combine patient history, physical examination, and tests like BNP, electrolytes, urinalysis, etc. for precise heart failure diagnosis.

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