20 Questions
What is the most common reason for hospitalization in individuals over 65 years of age?
Heart failure
Which condition is characterized by impaired myocardial fibers' ability to contract or relax?
Systolic dysfunction
What is the potential consequence of most cardiac disorders?
Heart failure
Which characteristic is associated with diastolic dysfunction?
Excessive noncompliance of the ventricle
What does hypertrophy mean in the context of myocardial fibers?
Proliferation of myocytes
Which is a common cause of diastolic dysfunction?
Hypertension
What is the primary consequence of systolic dysfunction?
Low ejection fraction
What is the long-term effect of compensatory mechanisms and remodeling on the heart?
Detrimental to the heart
What is the most common cause of heart failure?
Systolic Dysfunction
Which condition leads to congestion of blood flow in the systemic or pulmonary venous circulation?
Heart Failure
Which physiological response primarily results in venoconstriction, thereby increasing venous return and cardiac output?
Sympathetic nervous system activation
Which condition is primarily a consequence of reduced ejection fraction with resultant increase in residual end-systolic volume?
Increased preload
What primarily leads to hypertrophy of the myocardium?
High systolic pressure in the ventricle needed to overcome a high afterload
Which type of heart failure is most often associated with backward effects resulting in accumulation of blood within the pulmonary circulation, pulmonary congestion, and edema?
Left-sided heart failure
What causes low output to the left ventricle in right-sided heart failure?
Pulmonary disorders
Which physiological response results in increased sodium and water retention through the RAAS cascade activation?
Juxtaglomerular cell activation
Which mechanism primarily causes a shift along the curve indicating preload change and a shift to another curve indicating change in afterload or contractility?
Frank-Starling mechanism
Which clinical manifestation is most common in left ventricular failure?
Forward failure with insufficient cardiac pumping and poor cardiac output
Which physiological response involves detection of fall in pressure, resulting in increasing activity in sympathetic nerves to the heart?
Baroreceptor reflex stimulation
What is primarily involved in myocardial remodeling as a result of chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension?
Angiotensin II
Test your knowledge of heart failure and dysrhythmias in Chapter 19. Explore the causes, symptoms, and treatments of heart failure, along with its impact on different age groups.
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