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Questions and Answers
What is the most common reason for hospitalization in individuals over 65 years of age?
What is the most common reason for hospitalization in individuals over 65 years of age?
Which condition is characterized by impaired myocardial fibers' ability to contract or relax?
Which condition is characterized by impaired myocardial fibers' ability to contract or relax?
What is the potential consequence of most cardiac disorders?
What is the potential consequence of most cardiac disorders?
Which characteristic is associated with diastolic dysfunction?
Which characteristic is associated with diastolic dysfunction?
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What does hypertrophy mean in the context of myocardial fibers?
What does hypertrophy mean in the context of myocardial fibers?
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Which is a common cause of diastolic dysfunction?
Which is a common cause of diastolic dysfunction?
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What is the primary consequence of systolic dysfunction?
What is the primary consequence of systolic dysfunction?
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What is the long-term effect of compensatory mechanisms and remodeling on the heart?
What is the long-term effect of compensatory mechanisms and remodeling on the heart?
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What is the most common cause of heart failure?
What is the most common cause of heart failure?
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Which condition leads to congestion of blood flow in the systemic or pulmonary venous circulation?
Which condition leads to congestion of blood flow in the systemic or pulmonary venous circulation?
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Which physiological response primarily results in venoconstriction, thereby increasing venous return and cardiac output?
Which physiological response primarily results in venoconstriction, thereby increasing venous return and cardiac output?
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Which condition is primarily a consequence of reduced ejection fraction with resultant increase in residual end-systolic volume?
Which condition is primarily a consequence of reduced ejection fraction with resultant increase in residual end-systolic volume?
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What primarily leads to hypertrophy of the myocardium?
What primarily leads to hypertrophy of the myocardium?
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Which type of heart failure is most often associated with backward effects resulting in accumulation of blood within the pulmonary circulation, pulmonary congestion, and edema?
Which type of heart failure is most often associated with backward effects resulting in accumulation of blood within the pulmonary circulation, pulmonary congestion, and edema?
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What causes low output to the left ventricle in right-sided heart failure?
What causes low output to the left ventricle in right-sided heart failure?
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Which physiological response results in increased sodium and water retention through the RAAS cascade activation?
Which physiological response results in increased sodium and water retention through the RAAS cascade activation?
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Which mechanism primarily causes a shift along the curve indicating preload change and a shift to another curve indicating change in afterload or contractility?
Which mechanism primarily causes a shift along the curve indicating preload change and a shift to another curve indicating change in afterload or contractility?
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Which clinical manifestation is most common in left ventricular failure?
Which clinical manifestation is most common in left ventricular failure?
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Which physiological response involves detection of fall in pressure, resulting in increasing activity in sympathetic nerves to the heart?
Which physiological response involves detection of fall in pressure, resulting in increasing activity in sympathetic nerves to the heart?
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What is primarily involved in myocardial remodeling as a result of chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension?
What is primarily involved in myocardial remodeling as a result of chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension?
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