ACC and AHA Heart Failure Classification

Study Notes

ACC and AHA Classification of Heart Failure

Stage A
- High risk for developing left ventricular dysfunction without structural heart disease or heart failure (HF) symptoms.
- Patient characteristics: Hypertension (HTN), atherosclerotic disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), metabolic syndrome.
- Treatment involves promoting a heart-healthy lifestyle.
- Risk factors include HTN, elevated lipids, DM, and obesity.
Stage B
- Characterized by left ventricular dysfunction or structural heart disease without HF symptoms.
- Patient history may include myocardial infarction (MI), left ventricular hypertrophy, and low ejection fraction (EF).
- Treatment includes Stage A interventions, plus the use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs for low EF or history of MI.
- Beta blockers and statins are also recommended.
Stage C
- Patients present with left ventricular dysfunction or structural heart disease and current or past symptoms of heart disease.
- Common symptoms include shortness of breath (SOB), fatigue, and decreased exercise tolerance.
- Management expands to include Stage A and B treatments, in addition to diuretics, aldosterone antagonists, sodium restriction, and possibly an implantable defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Stage D
- Represents refractory end-stage heart failure requiring specialized interventions.
- Patients experience symptoms despite maximal medical therapy and have recurrent hospitalizations.
- Treatment plan includes all interventions from Stage A, B, and C, along with fluid restrictions, end-of-life care, and extraordinary measures.
- Options may include inotropes, cardiac transplantation, and mechanical support.

Description

This quiz focuses on the ACC and AHA classifications for heart failure, specifically detailing the stages and criteria for diagnosis and treatment. Review critical characteristics, treatment options, and risk factors associated with Stage A and Stage B heart failure. Perfect for medical students and professionals wanting to reinforce their knowledge in this area.